Concept Map

This directory also works without the interactive graph. Expand a concept to read its connections.

• Africa (17 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African archives; African Diaspora Studies; African Digital Humanities; African history; African languages; African Studies; Algorithmic Colonialism; Colonialism; Data Colonialism; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Epistemic violence; Global South; Islam in West Africa; Knowledge production; Neocolonialism; Pan-Africanism.

  Find “Africa” in the bibliography
• African archives (20 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African Digital Humanities; African history; African languages; Colonial archives; Data scarcity; Data silence; Data Sovereignty; Digital colonialism; Digital imperialism; Digital Repatriation; Digital Turn; Digitisation; Global North; Global South; Historical Research; History; Large Language Models; Oral History; Primary sources.

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• African Diaspora Studies (3 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Africa; Black Digital Humanities; Technology of recovery.

  Find “African Diaspora Studies” in the bibliography
• African Digital Humanities (33 connections)

  Extended · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African archives; African history; African languages; African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Archives; Black Digital Humanities; Colonialism; Computational History; Controlled Vocabulary; Data scarcity; Data silence; Data Sovereignty; Dataset; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital divide; Digital history; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Digital infrastructure; Digitisation; Fine-tuning; Global North; Global South; History; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Natural Language Processing; Technology of recovery; Zero-shot Learning.

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• African history (22 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Africa; African archives; African Digital Humanities; African languages; African Studies; Ajami; Colonial archives; Colonialism; Computational History; Decolonisation; Digital history; Digital humanities; Global South; Historiography; History; Islam in West Africa; Large Language Models; Oral History; Pan-Africanism; Primary sources; Source criticism; Technology of recovery.

  Find “African history” in the bibliography
• African languages (22 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African archives; African Digital Humanities; African history; African Studies; Ajami; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Common Crawl; Crowdsourcing; Data Flaring; Data scarcity; Data Sovereignty; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Fine-tuning; Low-resource languages; Metadata; Natural Language Processing; Training data; Web scraping; Zero-shot Learning.

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• African Studies (52 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Africa; African Digital Humanities; African history; African languages; AI Literacy; Ajami; Algorithmic Colonialism; Archives; Artificial intelligence; Colonial archives; Colonialism; Common Crawl; Conceptual Disruption; Crowdsourcing; Data Feminism; Data Governance; Data silence; Datafication; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital Preservation; Digital Repatriation; Digital Sovereignty; Digitisation; Discourse analysis; Epistemic violence; Global North; Global South; High-Tech Orientalism; Human-in-the-loop; Islam in West Africa; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Multimodal AI; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Newspapers; Ontology; Open Access; Open Science; Oral History; Orientalism; Primary sources; Sentiment Analysis; Technological determinism; Technology of recovery; Text Mining; Training data.

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• Agentic AI (14 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Archives; Artificial intelligence; Digital history; Hallucination; Historical Research; Historiography; History; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; N-gram; Primary sources; Prompt engineering; TF-IDF; Vibe Coding.

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• AI Alignment (8 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: AI Governance; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic bias; Digital colonialism; Ethics of Care; Global North; Human-in-the-loop; Ubuntu.

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• AI Governance (20 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: AI Alignment; AI Literacy; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; CARE Principles; Data Feminism; Data Governance; Data protection; Data Sovereignty; Deepfakes; Digital colonialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Sovereignty; Global South; Paradata; Social Media; Surveillance Capitalism; Techno-optimism; Technological determinism.

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• AI Literacy (21 connections)

  Cross-cutting · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; AI Governance; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Data Governance; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Digital literacy; Epistemic Anachronism; Global North; Global South; Hallucination; Higher Education; Historical Research; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Pedagogy; Prompt engineering; Source criticism; Training data; Vibe Coding.

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• AI Sovereignty (12 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: AI Alignment; AI Governance; Algorithmic Colonialism; Data Colonialism; Data Sovereignty; Digital colonialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Sovereignty; Global North; Global South; Surveillance Capitalism; Ubuntu.

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• Ajami (19 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African history; African languages; African Studies; Character Error Rate; Colonial archives; Data scarcity; Digital humanities; Digital Preservation; Digitisation; Handwritten Text Recognition; Islam in West Africa; Low-resource languages; Metadata; Natural Language Processing; Open Access; Optical Character Recognition; Oral History; Paleography; Pedagogy.

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• Algorithmic bias (45 connections)

  Cross-cutting · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African languages; AI Alignment; AI Governance; AI Literacy; Algorithmic Colonialism; Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; Co-Intelligence; Common Crawl; Data Feminism; Data scarcity; Data silence; Datafication; Digital colonialism; Digital literacy; Discourse analysis; Epistemic Injustice; Epistemic violence; Fake News; Fine-tuning; Global North; Global South; Hallucination; High-Tech Orientalism; Human-in-the-loop; Humanities; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Newspapers; Ontology; Orientalism; Paradata; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Sentiment Analysis; Social Media; Surveillance Capitalism; Training data; Web scraping; Zero-shot Learning.

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• Algorithmic Colonialism (24 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African Digital Humanities; African Studies; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic bias; Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; Colonialism; Common Crawl; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Flaring; Data Sovereignty; Digital colonialism; Digital imperialism; Digital Sovereignty; Fine-tuning; Global North; Global South; High-Tech Orientalism; Large Language Models; Neocolonialism; Surveillance Capitalism.

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• Algorithms (5 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Colonialism; Data Colonialism; Global North.

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• Archives (22 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African Studies; Agentic AI; Colonial archives; Data silence; Data Sovereignty; Digital history; Digital humanities; Digital Turn; Digitisation; Handwritten Text Recognition; Historical Research; Historiography; History; Knowledge production; Linked Open Data; Machine-readable; Metadata; Newspapers; Oral History; Primary sources; Source criticism.

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• Artificial intelligence (43 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African languages; African Studies; Agentic AI; AI Governance; AI Literacy; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Benchmarks; Conceptual Disruption; Data extractivism; Data Feminism; Data Flaring; Data Governance; Data scarcity; Data silence; Decolonisation; Deepfakes; Digital colonialism; Digital history; Digital humanities; Digital literacy; FAIR Principles; Hallucination; Historical Simulation; Historiography; Human-in-the-loop; Humanities; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Machine learning; Multimodal AI; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Neocolonialism; Prompt engineering; Sentiment Analysis; Small Language Models; Social Media; Surveillance Capitalism; Techno-optimism; Technological determinism; Technology of recovery; Training data.

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• Benchmarks (6 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Artificial intelligence; Ground Truth; Hallucination; Historiography; Large Language Models; Zero-shot Learning.

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• BERT (9 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Computational History; Digital history; Fine-tuning; Large Language Models; Machine learning; Sentiment Analysis; Small Language Models; TF-IDF; Transformer Architecture.

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• Bitter Lesson (4 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Digital humanities; Handwritten Text Recognition; Large Language Models; Machine learning.

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• Black Digital Humanities (20 connections)

  Extended · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Diaspora Studies; African Digital Humanities; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Colonial archives; Data extractivism; Data Feminism; Data silence; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Epistemic violence; Global North; Global South; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Natural Language Processing; Technology of recovery; Text Mining.

  Find “Black Digital Humanities” in the bibliography
• CARE Principles (14 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: AI Governance; Colonial archives; Data Colonialism; Data Governance; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Decolonisation; Digital humanities; FAIR Principles; Global South; Metadata; Open Science; Oral History; Paradata.

  Find “CARE Principles” in the bibliography
• Character Error Rate (6 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: Ajami; Handwritten Text Recognition; Large Language Models; Optical Character Recognition; Transkribus; Word Error Rate.

  Find “Character Error Rate” in the bibliography
• Co-Intelligence (2 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Algorithmic bias; Large Language Models.

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• Colonial archives (29 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African history; African Studies; Ajami; Archives; Black Digital Humanities; CARE Principles; Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Governance; Data scarcity; Data silence; Data Sovereignty; Digital imperialism; Digital Preservation; Digital Repatriation; Digitisation; Epistemic violence; Ethics of Care; Historical Research; History; Knowledge production; Metadata; Neocolonialism; Newspapers; Oral History; Orientalism; Primary sources; Technology of recovery.

  Find “Colonial archives” in the bibliography
• Colonialism (17 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African Digital Humanities; African history; African Studies; Algorithmic Colonialism; Algorithms; Colonial archives; Data Colonialism; Decolonisation; Digital imperialism; Epistemic violence; Global North; Global South; Islam in West Africa; Knowledge production; Neocolonialism; Pan-Africanism.

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• Common Crawl (16 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African languages; African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Flaring; Data scarcity; Data silence; Data Sovereignty; Digital humanities; Digital Preservation; Global North; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Stochastic Parrots; Training data.

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• Computational History (21 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African history; BERT; Data visualisation; Digital history; Digital humanities; Distant Reading; Hallucination; Historical Research; History; Large Language Models; Longue Durée; Machine learning; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Sentiment Analysis; Small Language Models; Text Mining; Topic Modelling; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Computational History” in the bibliography
• Conceptual Disruption (9 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Artificial intelligence; Digital humanities; Digital Turn; Epistemic violence; Historiography; Humanities; Knowledge production; Technological determinism.

  Find “Conceptual Disruption” in the bibliography
• Controlled Vocabulary (7 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; Dublin Core; FAIR Principles; Linked Open Data; Ontology; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Semantic Web.

  Find “Controlled Vocabulary” in the bibliography
• Crowdsourcing (13 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African languages; African Studies; Data extractivism; Data Sovereignty; Digital humanities; Digital literacy; Human-in-the-loop; Low-resource languages; Natural Language Processing; Open Science; Technology of recovery; Training data; Web scraping.

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• Data cleaning (2 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: FAIR Principles; Post-OCR Correction.

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• Data Colonialism (18 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic Colonialism; Algorithms; CARE Principles; Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Flaring; Data Governance; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Digital colonialism; Digital imperialism; Global North; Global South; Knowledge production; Neocolonialism; Surveillance Capitalism.

  Find “Data Colonialism” in the bibliography
• Data extractivism (28 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: Algorithmic Colonialism; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; Colonial archives; Common Crawl; Crowdsourcing; Data Colonialism; Data Feminism; Data Flaring; Data Governance; Data protection; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital imperialism; Digital Sovereignty; FAIR Principles; Global North; Global South; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Neocolonialism; Open Access; Open Science; Social Media; Surveillance Capitalism; Training data.

  Find “Data extractivism” in the bibliography
• Data Feminism (13 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; AI Governance; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; Data extractivism; Data silence; Datafication; Digital humanities; Epistemic Injustice; Epistemic violence; Knowledge production; Techno-optimism.

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• Data Flaring (15 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African languages; Algorithmic Colonialism; Artificial intelligence; Common Crawl; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data scarcity; Data Sovereignty; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Global North; Low-resource languages; Natural Language Processing; Oral History; Training data.

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• Data Governance (20 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; AI Governance; AI Literacy; Artificial intelligence; CARE Principles; Colonial archives; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data protection; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Digital humanities; Digital infrastructure; Digital Sovereignty; FAIR Principles; Linked Open Data; Open Access; Open Science; Paradata; Ubuntu.

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• Data protection (10 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: AI Governance; Data extractivism; Data Governance; Data Sovereignty; Digital colonialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Sovereignty; Digitisation; Open Science; Surveillance Capitalism.

  Find “Data protection” in the bibliography
• Data scarcity (18 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African Digital Humanities; African languages; Ajami; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Colonial archives; Common Crawl; Data Flaring; Data silence; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Digitisation; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Natural Language Processing; Newspapers; Training data.

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• Data silence (23 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African Digital Humanities; African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Archives; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; Colonial archives; Common Crawl; Data Feminism; Data scarcity; Digital humanities; Digital Preservation; Digitisation; Epistemic violence; Fine-tuning; High-Tech Orientalism; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Metadata; Primary sources; Technology of recovery.

  Find “Data silence” in the bibliography
• Data Sovereignty (39 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African Digital Humanities; African languages; AI Governance; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic Colonialism; Archives; CARE Principles; Colonial archives; Common Crawl; Crowdsourcing; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Flaring; Data Governance; Data protection; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital imperialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Repatriation; Digital Sovereignty; Digitisation; GLAM; Global North; Global South; Interoperability; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Metadata; Minimal computing; Neocolonialism; Ontology; Open Access; Open Science; Paradata; Surveillance Capitalism; Training data.

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• Data visualisation (4 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Computational History; Digital humanities; Distant Reading; Topic Modelling.

  Find “Data visualisation” in the bibliography
• Datafication (22 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Algorithmic bias; CARE Principles; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Feminism; Data Governance; Digital colonialism; Digital Hermeneutics; Digital humanities; Digitisation; Epistemic Anachronism; Epistemic violence; FAIR Principles; History; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Metadata; Optical Character Recognition; Paradata; Source criticism; Surveillance Capitalism.

  Find “Datafication” in the bibliography
• Dataset (5 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; Fine-tuning; Large Language Models; Machine learning; Training data.

  Find “Dataset” in the bibliography
• Decolonisation (29 connections)

  Cross-cutting · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African Digital Humanities; African history; African Studies; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; CARE Principles; Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Sovereignty; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Repatriation; Epistemic violence; Global North; Global South; History; Knowledge production; Minimal computing; Neocolonialism; Ontology; Open Access; Open Science; Techno-optimism; Technology of recovery; Training data; Ubuntu.

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• Deepfakes (11 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: AI Governance; Artificial intelligence; Digital literacy; Epistemic Injustice; Fake News; Global South; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Multimodal AI; Social Media; Surveillance Capitalism.

  Find “Deepfakes” in the bibliography
• Digital colonialism (41 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African archives; African Digital Humanities; African Studies; AI Alignment; AI Governance; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data protection; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Decolonisation; Digital divide; Digital imperialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Sovereignty; Digital Turn; Digitisation; Epistemic Injustice; Epistemic violence; Global North; Global South; High-Tech Orientalism; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Minimal computing; Neocolonialism; Open Access; Open Science; Social Media; Surveillance Capitalism; Techno-optimism; Technological determinism; Technology of recovery; Training data.

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• Digital Curation (2 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Digital Preservation; FAIR Principles.

  Find “Digital Curation” in the bibliography
• Digital divide (18 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African languages; AI Literacy; Data Flaring; Data scarcity; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital infrastructure; Digital literacy; Digital Sovereignty; Fine-tuning; Global North; Global South; Knowledge production; Low-resource languages; Minimal computing; Open Access; Techno-optimism.

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• Digital Hermeneutics (6 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: Datafication; Historical Research; History; Knowledge production; Ontology; Oral History.

  Find “Digital Hermeneutics” in the bibliography
• Digital history (19 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African history; Agentic AI; Archives; Artificial intelligence; BERT; Computational History; Digital humanities; Hallucination; Historical Research; Historical Simulation; Historiography; History; Large Language Models; Multimodal AI; Optical Character Recognition; Small Language Models; Source criticism; Training data.

  Find “Digital history” in the bibliography
• Digital humanities (75 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African history; African languages; African Studies; AI Literacy; Ajami; Archives; Artificial intelligence; Bitter Lesson; Black Digital Humanities; CARE Principles; Common Crawl; Computational History; Conceptual Disruption; Crowdsourcing; Data Feminism; Data Flaring; Data Governance; Data scarcity; Data silence; Data visualisation; Datafication; Decolonisation; Digital divide; Digital history; Digital Preservation; Digital Repatriation; Digital Sovereignty; Digital Turn; Digitisation; Discourse analysis; Distant Reading; Dublin Core; Epistemic violence; FAIR Principles; Fine-tuning; GLAM; Global North; Global South; Hallucination; Handwritten Text Recognition; High-Tech Orientalism; Historical Simulation; Human-in-the-loop; Humanities; Interoperability; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Longue Durée; Machine learning; Machine-readable; Minimal computing; Multimodal AI; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Ontology; Open Access; Open Science; Optical Character Recognition; Orientalism; Paradata; Pedagogy; Post-OCR Correction; Primary sources; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Sentiment Analysis; Small Language Models; Technological determinism; Technology of recovery; Text Mining; Topic Modelling; Training data; Transformer Architecture; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Digital humanities” in the bibliography
• Digital imperialism (21 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African Digital Humanities; Algorithmic Colonialism; Black Digital Humanities; Colonial archives; Colonialism; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Repatriation; Digitisation; Global North; Global South; Metadata; Neocolonialism; Ontology; Technology of recovery; Training data.

  Find “Digital imperialism” in the bibliography
• Digital infrastructure (22 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; AI Governance; AI Sovereignty; Data Governance; Data protection; Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital divide; Digital imperialism; Digital literacy; Digital Preservation; Digital Sovereignty; Digital Turn; Digitisation; Global North; Minimal computing; Neocolonialism; Open Access; Open Science; Technological determinism; Technology of recovery.

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• Digital literacy (10 connections)

  Cross-cutting · Seed concept

  Connected to: AI Literacy; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Crowdsourcing; Deepfakes; Digital divide; Digital infrastructure; Knowledge production; Minimal computing; Pedagogy.

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• Digital Preservation (17 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Ajami; Colonial archives; Common Crawl; Data silence; Digital Curation; Digital humanities; Digital infrastructure; Digital Repatriation; Digitisation; Dublin Core; FAIR Principles; Metadata; Minimal computing; Omeka; Open Access; Primary sources.

  Find “Digital Preservation” in the bibliography
• Digital Repatriation (15 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African Studies; Colonial archives; Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Digital Preservation; Digitisation; Epistemic violence; Ethics of Care; FAIR Principles; Knowledge production; Open Access; Oral History.

  Find “Digital Repatriation” in the bibliography
• Digital Sovereignty (17 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; AI Governance; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Governance; Data protection; Data Sovereignty; Digital colonialism; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Digital infrastructure; Global North; Global South; Minimal computing; Neocolonialism; Open Access.

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• Digital Turn (9 connections)

  Extended · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; Archives; Conceptual Disruption; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital infrastructure; Digitisation; Humanities; Knowledge production.

  Find “Digital Turn” in the bibliography
• Digitisation (27 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African Digital Humanities; African Studies; Ajami; Archives; Colonial archives; Data protection; Data scarcity; Data silence; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Preservation; Digital Repatriation; Digital Turn; Global North; Global South; Linked Open Data; Machine-readable; Metadata; Neocolonialism; Newspapers; Primary sources; Technology of recovery.

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• Discourse analysis (12 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Digital humanities; Epistemic Injustice; Fake News; Global South; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Sentiment Analysis; Topic Modelling.

  Find “Discourse analysis” in the bibliography
• Distant Reading (12 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: Computational History; Data visualisation; Digital humanities; Historical Research; Humanities; Longue Durée; Low-resource languages; N-gram; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Text Mining; Topic Modelling.

  Find “Distant Reading” in the bibliography
• Dublin Core (14 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: Controlled Vocabulary; Digital humanities; Digital Preservation; FAIR Principles; GLAM; Global South; International Image Interoperability Framework; Interoperability; Linked Open Data; Metadata; Omeka; Ontology; RDF Triples; Semantic Web.

  Find “Dublin Core” in the bibliography
• Epistemic Anachronism (6 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: AI Literacy; Datafication; Fine-tuning; Historical Research; Large Language Models; Training data.

  Find “Epistemic Anachronism” in the bibliography
• Epistemic Injustice (12 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: Algorithmic bias; Data Feminism; Deepfakes; Digital colonialism; Discourse analysis; Epistemic violence; Fake News; Hallucination; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Social Media.

  Find “Epistemic Injustice” in the bibliography
• Epistemic violence (24 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Black Digital Humanities; Colonial archives; Colonialism; Conceptual Disruption; Data Feminism; Data silence; Datafication; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital Repatriation; Epistemic Injustice; Global South; High-Tech Orientalism; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Metadata; Neocolonialism; Ontology; Orientalism; Technology of recovery.

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• Ethics of Care (4 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: AI Alignment; Colonial archives; Digital Repatriation; Ubuntu.

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• Fact-checking (3 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Hallucination; Historical Simulation; Source criticism.

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• FAIR Principles (24 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: Artificial intelligence; CARE Principles; Controlled Vocabulary; Data cleaning; Data extractivism; Data Governance; Datafication; Digital Curation; Digital humanities; Digital Preservation; Digital Repatriation; Dublin Core; GLAM; Global South; Interoperability; Linked Open Data; Metadata; Ontology; Open Access; Open Science; Oral History; Paradata; Semantic Web; Surveillance Capitalism.

  Find “FAIR Principles” in the bibliography
• Fake News (11 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Algorithmic bias; Deepfakes; Discourse analysis; Epistemic Injustice; Global South; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Neocolonialism; Sentiment Analysis; Social Media; Surveillance Capitalism.

  Find “Fake News” in the bibliography
• Fine-tuning (26 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African languages; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; BERT; Data silence; Dataset; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Epistemic Anachronism; GLAM; Global North; Hallucination; Handwritten Text Recognition; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Prompt engineering; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Sentiment Analysis; Small Language Models; Training data; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Fine-tuning” in the bibliography
• GLAM (13 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: Data Sovereignty; Digital humanities; Dublin Core; FAIR Principles; Fine-tuning; Hallucination; International Image Interoperability Framework; Interoperability; Metadata; Omeka; Open Access; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Web scraping.

  Find “GLAM” in the bibliography
• Global North (39 connections)

  Extended · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African Digital Humanities; African Studies; AI Alignment; AI Literacy; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Algorithms; Black Digital Humanities; Colonialism; Common Crawl; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Flaring; Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Sovereignty; Digitisation; Fine-tuning; Global South; High-Tech Orientalism; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Low-resource languages; Neocolonialism; Open Access; Open Science; Primary sources; Surveillance Capitalism; Technological determinism; Technology of recovery; Training data.

  Find “Global North” in the bibliography
• Global South (46 connections)

  Extended · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African archives; African Digital Humanities; African history; African Studies; AI Governance; AI Literacy; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Black Digital Humanities; CARE Principles; Colonialism; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Deepfakes; Digital colonialism; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Digital Sovereignty; Digitisation; Discourse analysis; Dublin Core; Epistemic violence; FAIR Principles; Fake News; Global North; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Neocolonialism; Open Access; Open Science; Paradata; Pedagogy; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Social Media; Surveillance Capitalism; Techno-optimism; Training data; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Global South” in the bibliography
• Ground Truth (6 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: Benchmarks; Hallucination; Large Language Models; Source criticism; Training data; Word Error Rate.

  Find “Ground Truth” in the bibliography
• Hallucination (30 connections)

  Cross-cutting · Seed concept

  Connected to: Agentic AI; AI Literacy; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Benchmarks; Computational History; Digital history; Digital humanities; Epistemic Injustice; Fact-checking; Fine-tuning; GLAM; Ground Truth; Historical Simulation; Historiography; History; Human-in-the-loop; Humanities; JSON; Large Language Models; Multimodal AI; Natural Language Processing; Pedagogy; Primary sources; Prompt engineering; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Source criticism; Stochastic Parrots; Topic Modelling; Training data.

  Find “Hallucination” in the bibliography
• Handwritten Text Recognition (21 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: Ajami; Archives; Bitter Lesson; Character Error Rate; Digital humanities; Fine-tuning; Historical Research; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Machine-readable; Multimodal AI; Optical Character Recognition; Paleography; Primary sources; Prompt engineering; Source criticism; Training data; Transformer Architecture; Transkribus; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Handwritten Text Recognition” in the bibliography
• High-Tech Orientalism (14 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Data silence; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Epistemic violence; Global North; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Orientalism; Surveillance Capitalism; Techno-optimism; Technological determinism.

  Find “High-Tech Orientalism” in the bibliography
• Higher Education (3 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: AI Literacy; Large Language Models; Pedagogy.

  Find “Higher Education” in the bibliography
• Historical Research (22 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African archives; Agentic AI; AI Literacy; Archives; Colonial archives; Computational History; Digital Hermeneutics; Digital history; Distant Reading; Epistemic Anachronism; Handwritten Text Recognition; Historiography; History; Human-in-the-loop; Multimodal AI; Optical Character Recognition; Oral History; Primary sources; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Source criticism; Text Mining; Topic Modelling.

  Find “Historical Research” in the bibliography
• Historical Simulation (10 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Artificial intelligence; Digital history; Digital humanities; Fact-checking; Hallucination; Historiography; Large Language Models; Pedagogy; Primary sources; Source criticism.

  Find “Historical Simulation” in the bibliography
• Historiography (15 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African history; Agentic AI; Archives; Artificial intelligence; Benchmarks; Conceptual Disruption; Digital history; Hallucination; Historical Research; Historical Simulation; History; Large Language Models; Primary sources; Source criticism; Training data.

  Find “Historiography” in the bibliography
• History (20 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African archives; African Digital Humanities; African history; Agentic AI; Archives; Colonial archives; Computational History; Datafication; Decolonisation; Digital Hermeneutics; Digital history; Hallucination; Historical Research; Historiography; Optical Character Recognition; Oral History; Primary sources; Source criticism; Topic Modelling; Training data.

  Find “History” in the bibliography
• Human-in-the-loop (23 connections)

  Cross-cutting · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Agentic AI; AI Alignment; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Crowdsourcing; Digital humanities; Fine-tuning; Hallucination; Handwritten Text Recognition; Historical Research; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Multimodal AI; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Sentiment Analysis; Source criticism; Technological determinism; Topic Modelling; Training data.

  Find “Human-in-the-loop” in the bibliography
• Humanities (10 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Conceptual Disruption; Digital humanities; Digital Turn; Distant Reading; Hallucination; Knowledge production; Minimal computing; Pedagogy.

  Find “Humanities” in the bibliography
• International Image Interoperability Framework (5 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Dublin Core; GLAM; Interoperability; Linked Open Data; Retrieval Augmented Generation.

  Find “International Image Interoperability Framework” in the bibliography
• Interoperability (10 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: Data Sovereignty; Digital humanities; Dublin Core; FAIR Principles; GLAM; International Image Interoperability Framework; Linked Open Data; Machine-readable; Ontology; Semantic Web.

  Find “Interoperability” in the bibliography
• Islam in West Africa (6 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Africa; African history; African Studies; Ajami; Colonialism; Pedagogy.

  Find “Islam in West Africa” in the bibliography
• JSON (4 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Hallucination; Large Language Models; Machine-readable; Structured data.

  Find “JSON” in the bibliography
• Knowledge production (45 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; African Studies; AI Literacy; Algorithmic bias; Archives; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; Colonial archives; Colonialism; Conceptual Disruption; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Feminism; Data silence; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Decolonisation; Deepfakes; Digital colonialism; Digital divide; Digital Hermeneutics; Digital humanities; Digital literacy; Digital Repatriation; Digital Turn; Discourse analysis; Epistemic Injustice; Epistemic violence; Fake News; Global North; Global South; High-Tech Orientalism; Humanities; Large Language Models; Minimal computing; Neocolonialism; Ontology; Open Access; Open Science; Orientalism; Pedagogy; Surveillance Capitalism; Techno-optimism; Technological determinism; Training data.

  Find “Knowledge production” in the bibliography
• Large Language Models (76 connections)

  Extended · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African Digital Humanities; African history; African Studies; Agentic AI; AI Literacy; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Artificial intelligence; Benchmarks; BERT; Bitter Lesson; Black Digital Humanities; Character Error Rate; Co-Intelligence; Common Crawl; Computational History; Data extractivism; Data silence; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Dataset; Deepfakes; Digital colonialism; Digital history; Digital humanities; Discourse analysis; Epistemic Anachronism; Epistemic Injustice; Epistemic violence; Fake News; Fine-tuning; Global North; Global South; Ground Truth; Hallucination; Handwritten Text Recognition; High-Tech Orientalism; Higher Education; Historical Simulation; Historiography; Human-in-the-loop; JSON; Knowledge production; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Minimal computing; Multimodal AI; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Ontology; Open Access; Optical Character Recognition; Oral History; Pedagogy; Peer Review; Post-OCR Correction; Primary sources; Prompt engineering; Qualitative Research; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Sentiment Analysis; Small Language Models; Social Media; Source criticism; Stochastic Parrots; Structured data; Technology of recovery; Text Mining; TF-IDF; Topic Modelling; Training data; Transformer Architecture; Vibe Coding; Web scraping; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Large Language Models” in the bibliography
• Linked Open Data (22 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Archives; Controlled Vocabulary; Data Governance; Data Sovereignty; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digitisation; Dublin Core; FAIR Principles; Global North; Global South; International Image Interoperability Framework; Interoperability; Machine-readable; Metadata; Multimodal AI; Ontology; Open Access; RDF Triples; Semantic Web; Structured data.

  Find “Linked Open Data” in the bibliography
• Longue Durée (6 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Computational History; Digital humanities; Distant Reading; Source criticism; Text Mining; Topic Modelling.

  Find “Longue Durée” in the bibliography
• Low-resource languages (30 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African languages; African Studies; Ajami; Algorithmic bias; Common Crawl; Crowdsourcing; Data Flaring; Data scarcity; Data silence; Digital divide; Distant Reading; Epistemic Injustice; Fine-tuning; Global North; Global South; Handwritten Text Recognition; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Machine learning; Metadata; Multimodal AI; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Oral History; Primary sources; Sentiment Analysis; Text Mining; Training data; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Low-resource languages” in the bibliography
• Machine learning (26 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; BERT; Bitter Lesson; Computational History; Data scarcity; Dataset; Digital humanities; Fine-tuning; Global South; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Multimodal AI; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Sentiment Analysis; Small Language Models; Surveillance Capitalism; TF-IDF; Topic Modelling; Training data; Transformer Architecture; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Machine learning” in the bibliography
• Machine-readable (11 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Archives; Digital humanities; Digitisation; Handwritten Text Recognition; Interoperability; JSON; Linked Open Data; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Structured data; Text Mining.

  Find “Machine-readable” in the bibliography
• Metadata (23 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African languages; Ajami; Archives; CARE Principles; Colonial archives; Data silence; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Digital imperialism; Digital Preservation; Digitisation; Dublin Core; Epistemic violence; FAIR Principles; GLAM; Linked Open Data; Low-resource languages; Named Entity Recognition; Ontology; Open Science; Orientalism; Paradata; Primary sources.

  Find “Metadata” in the bibliography
• Minimal computing (15 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Digital infrastructure; Digital literacy; Digital Preservation; Digital Sovereignty; Humanities; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Pedagogy; Techno-optimism; Technological determinism.

  Find “Minimal computing” in the bibliography
• Multimodal AI (17 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African Studies; Artificial intelligence; Deepfakes; Digital history; Digital humanities; Hallucination; Handwritten Text Recognition; Historical Research; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Optical Character Recognition; Primary sources; Training data; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Multimodal AI” in the bibliography
• N-gram (4 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Agentic AI; Distant Reading; Sentiment Analysis; Topic Modelling.

  Find “N-gram” in the bibliography
• Named Entity Recognition (23 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Computational History; Digital humanities; Discourse analysis; Fine-tuning; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Metadata; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Post-OCR Correction; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Sentiment Analysis; Small Language Models; Source criticism; Technology of recovery; Text Mining; Topic Modelling; Training data.

  Find “Named Entity Recognition” in the bibliography
• Natural Language Processing (31 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African languages; African Studies; Ajami; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; Computational History; Crowdsourcing; Data Flaring; Data scarcity; Digital humanities; Discourse analysis; Distant Reading; Fine-tuning; Hallucination; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Machine-readable; Named Entity Recognition; Post-OCR Correction; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Sentiment Analysis; Source criticism; Text Mining; Topic Modelling; Training data; Transformer Architecture; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Natural Language Processing” in the bibliography
• Neocolonialism (22 connections)

  Cross-cutting · Seed concept

  Connected to: Africa; Algorithmic Colonialism; Artificial intelligence; Colonial archives; Colonialism; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital imperialism; Digital infrastructure; Digital Sovereignty; Digitisation; Epistemic violence; Fake News; Global North; Global South; Knowledge production; Orientalism; Surveillance Capitalism; Techno-optimism.

  Find “Neocolonialism” in the bibliography
• Newspapers (8 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Archives; Colonial archives; Data scarcity; Digitisation; Optical Character Recognition; Primary sources.

  Find “Newspapers” in the bibliography
• Omeka (6 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Digital Preservation; Dublin Core; GLAM; Ontology; Optical Character Recognition; Semantic Web.

  Find “Omeka” in the bibliography
• Ontology (21 connections)

  Extended · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Controlled Vocabulary; Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Digital Hermeneutics; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Dublin Core; Epistemic violence; FAIR Principles; Interoperability; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Metadata; Omeka; Orientalism; RDF Triples; Semantic Web; Training data.

  Find “Ontology” in the bibliography
• Open Access (22 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Ajami; Data extractivism; Data Governance; Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital divide; Digital humanities; Digital infrastructure; Digital Preservation; Digital Repatriation; Digital Sovereignty; FAIR Principles; GLAM; Global North; Global South; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Open Science; Peer Review.

  Find “Open Access” in the bibliography
• Open Science (17 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; CARE Principles; Crowdsourcing; Data extractivism; Data Governance; Data protection; Data Sovereignty; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital infrastructure; FAIR Principles; Global North; Global South; Knowledge production; Metadata; Open Access.

  Find “Open Science” in the bibliography
• Optical Character Recognition (25 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: Ajami; Character Error Rate; Computational History; Datafication; Digital history; Digital humanities; Distant Reading; Handwritten Text Recognition; Historical Research; History; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Machine learning; Machine-readable; Multimodal AI; Named Entity Recognition; Newspapers; Omeka; Post-OCR Correction; Primary sources; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Small Language Models; Source criticism; Text Mining; Word Error Rate.

  Find “Optical Character Recognition” in the bibliography
• Oral History (18 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African history; African Studies; Ajami; Archives; CARE Principles; Colonial archives; Data Flaring; Digital Hermeneutics; Digital Repatriation; FAIR Principles; Historical Research; History; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Primary sources; Qualitative Research; Source criticism.

  Find “Oral History” in the bibliography
• Orientalism (10 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Colonial archives; Digital humanities; Epistemic violence; High-Tech Orientalism; Knowledge production; Metadata; Neocolonialism; Ontology.

  Find “Orientalism” in the bibliography
• Paleography (2 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Ajami; Handwritten Text Recognition.

  Find “Paleography” in the bibliography
• Pan-Africanism (4 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Africa; African history; Colonialism; Ubuntu.

  Find “Pan-Africanism” in the bibliography
• Paradata (11 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: AI Governance; Algorithmic bias; CARE Principles; Data Governance; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Digital humanities; FAIR Principles; Global South; Metadata; Source criticism.

  Find “Paradata” in the bibliography
• Pedagogy (14 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: AI Literacy; Ajami; Digital humanities; Digital literacy; Global South; Hallucination; Higher Education; Historical Simulation; Humanities; Islam in West Africa; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Minimal computing; Primary sources.

  Find “Pedagogy” in the bibliography
• Peer Review (2 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Large Language Models; Open Access.

  Find “Peer Review” in the bibliography
• Post-OCR Correction (8 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: Data cleaning; Digital humanities; Large Language Models; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Small Language Models; Topic Modelling.

  Find “Post-OCR Correction” in the bibliography
• Primary sources (26 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African archives; African history; African Studies; Agentic AI; Archives; Colonial archives; Data silence; Digital humanities; Digital Preservation; Digitisation; Global North; Hallucination; Handwritten Text Recognition; Historical Research; Historical Simulation; Historiography; History; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Metadata; Multimodal AI; Newspapers; Optical Character Recognition; Oral History; Pedagogy; Source criticism.

  Find “Primary sources” in the bibliography
• Prompt engineering (10 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Agentic AI; AI Literacy; Artificial intelligence; Fine-tuning; Hallucination; Handwritten Text Recognition; Large Language Models; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Topic Modelling; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Prompt engineering” in the bibliography
• Qualitative Research (2 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Large Language Models; Oral History.

  Find “Qualitative Research” in the bibliography
• RDF Triples (3 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Dublin Core; Linked Open Data; Ontology.

  Find “RDF Triples” in the bibliography
• Retrieval Augmented Generation (17 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Algorithmic bias; Controlled Vocabulary; Digital humanities; Fine-tuning; GLAM; Global South; Hallucination; Historical Research; International Image Interoperability Framework; Large Language Models; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Prompt engineering; Small Language Models; Source criticism; TF-IDF.

  Find “Retrieval Augmented Generation” in the bibliography
• Semantic Web (7 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Controlled Vocabulary; Dublin Core; FAIR Principles; Interoperability; Linked Open Data; Omeka; Ontology.

  Find “Semantic Web” in the bibliography
• Sentiment Analysis (23 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; BERT; Computational History; Digital humanities; Discourse analysis; Fake News; Fine-tuning; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; N-gram; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Source criticism; Text Mining; TF-IDF; Topic Modelling; Training data; Transformer Architecture; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Sentiment Analysis” in the bibliography
• Small Language Models (13 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Artificial intelligence; BERT; Computational History; Digital history; Digital humanities; Fine-tuning; Large Language Models; Machine learning; Named Entity Recognition; Optical Character Recognition; Post-OCR Correction; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Training data.

  Find “Small Language Models” in the bibliography
• Social Media (11 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: AI Governance; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Data extractivism; Deepfakes; Digital colonialism; Epistemic Injustice; Fake News; Global South; Large Language Models; Surveillance Capitalism.

  Find “Social Media” in the bibliography
• Source criticism (25 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African history; AI Literacy; Archives; Datafication; Digital history; Fact-checking; Ground Truth; Hallucination; Handwritten Text Recognition; Historical Research; Historical Simulation; Historiography; History; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Longue Durée; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Oral History; Paradata; Primary sources; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Sentiment Analysis; Training data.

  Find “Source criticism” in the bibliography
• Stochastic Parrots (3 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: Common Crawl; Hallucination; Large Language Models.

  Find “Stochastic Parrots” in the bibliography
• Structured data (5 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: JSON; Large Language Models; Linked Open Data; Machine-readable; Text Mining.

  Find “Structured data” in the bibliography
• Surveillance Capitalism (22 connections)

  Infrastructure, Governance & Access · Seed concept

  Connected to: AI Governance; AI Sovereignty; Algorithmic bias; Algorithmic Colonialism; Artificial intelligence; Data Colonialism; Data extractivism; Data protection; Data Sovereignty; Datafication; Deepfakes; Digital colonialism; FAIR Principles; Fake News; Global North; Global South; High-Tech Orientalism; Knowledge production; Machine learning; Neocolonialism; Social Media; Techno-optimism.

  Find “Surveillance Capitalism” in the bibliography
• Techno-optimism (13 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: AI Governance; Artificial intelligence; Data Feminism; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital divide; Global South; High-Tech Orientalism; Knowledge production; Minimal computing; Neocolonialism; Surveillance Capitalism; Technological determinism.

  Find “Techno-optimism” in the bibliography
• Technological determinism (13 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; AI Governance; Artificial intelligence; Conceptual Disruption; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital infrastructure; Global North; High-Tech Orientalism; Human-in-the-loop; Knowledge production; Minimal computing; Techno-optimism.

  Find “Technological determinism” in the bibliography
• Technology of recovery (20 connections)

  The Archive · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Diaspora Studies; African Digital Humanities; African history; African Studies; Artificial intelligence; Black Digital Humanities; Colonial archives; Crowdsourcing; Data silence; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Digital infrastructure; Digitisation; Epistemic violence; Global North; Large Language Models; Named Entity Recognition; Training data.

  Find “Technology of recovery” in the bibliography
• Text Mining (17 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Studies; Black Digital Humanities; Computational History; Digital humanities; Distant Reading; Historical Research; Large Language Models; Longue Durée; Low-resource languages; Machine-readable; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Optical Character Recognition; Sentiment Analysis; Structured data; TF-IDF; Topic Modelling.

  Find “Text Mining” in the bibliography
• TF-IDF (8 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: Agentic AI; BERT; Large Language Models; Machine learning; Retrieval Augmented Generation; Sentiment Analysis; Text Mining; Topic Modelling.

  Find “TF-IDF” in the bibliography
• Topic Modelling (20 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: Computational History; Data visualisation; Digital humanities; Discourse analysis; Distant Reading; Hallucination; Historical Research; History; Human-in-the-loop; Large Language Models; Longue Durée; Machine learning; N-gram; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Post-OCR Correction; Prompt engineering; Sentiment Analysis; Text Mining; TF-IDF.

  Find “Topic Modelling” in the bibliography
• Training data (40 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African languages; African Studies; AI Literacy; Algorithmic bias; Artificial intelligence; Common Crawl; Crowdsourcing; Data extractivism; Data Flaring; Data scarcity; Data Sovereignty; Dataset; Decolonisation; Digital colonialism; Digital history; Digital humanities; Digital imperialism; Epistemic Anachronism; Fine-tuning; Global North; Global South; Ground Truth; Hallucination; Handwritten Text Recognition; Historiography; History; Human-in-the-loop; Knowledge production; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Multimodal AI; Named Entity Recognition; Natural Language Processing; Ontology; Sentiment Analysis; Small Language Models; Source criticism; Technology of recovery; Zero-shot Learning.

  Find “Training data” in the bibliography
• Transformer Architecture (7 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: BERT; Digital humanities; Handwritten Text Recognition; Large Language Models; Machine learning; Natural Language Processing; Sentiment Analysis.

  Find “Transformer Architecture” in the bibliography
• Transkribus (3 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Character Error Rate; Handwritten Text Recognition; Word Error Rate.

  Find “Transkribus” in the bibliography
• Ubuntu (6 connections)

  Epistemologies, Decoloniality & Ethical Frameworks · Seed concept

  Connected to: AI Alignment; AI Sovereignty; Data Governance; Decolonisation; Ethics of Care; Pan-Africanism.

  Find “Ubuntu” in the bibliography
• Vibe Coding (3 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Agentic AI; AI Literacy; Large Language Models.

  Find “Vibe Coding” in the bibliography
• Web scraping (5 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: African languages; Algorithmic bias; Crowdsourcing; GLAM; Large Language Models.

  Find “Web scraping” in the bibliography
• Word Error Rate (4 connections)

  Extended

  Connected to: Character Error Rate; Ground Truth; Optical Character Recognition; Transkribus.

  Find “Word Error Rate” in the bibliography
• Zero-shot Learning (17 connections)

  Language Technologies, NLP & Corpora · Seed concept

  Connected to: African Digital Humanities; African languages; Algorithmic bias; Benchmarks; Computational History; Digital humanities; Fine-tuning; Global South; Handwritten Text Recognition; Large Language Models; Low-resource languages; Machine learning; Multimodal AI; Natural Language Processing; Prompt engineering; Sentiment Analysis; Training data.

  Find “Zero-shot Learning” in the bibliography