Who said it

Compare how often delegations and organisations use the vocabulary relative to their own speech totals. Of 742 speaker affiliations in the data, 152 meet the minimum for displaying a rate in the selected period. Here, a speaker means an affiliation, not an individual person.

The reading set, by delegation

Inside the selected reading set, who spoke, and how much of their own record is it?

Computed from the record

Delegations ranked by the share of their own speeches that the word holds
Speaker	Speeches	In the set	Share
Rwanda	749	217	28.97%
Armenia	141	36	25.53%
Liechtenstein	223	51	22.87%
Palestine	346	79	22.83%
Palestine Liberation Organization	157	31	19.75%
(personal capacity)	273	46	16.85%
Bosnia and Herzegovina	392	61	15.56%
Burundi	257	31	12.06%
League of Arab States	202	23	11.39%
Mauritania	200	20	10.00%
Cuba	723	62	8.58%
Croatia	542	46	8.49%
Saudi Arabia	392	32	8.16%
Azerbaijan	494	39	7.89%
Iran	740	58	7.84%
Luxembourg	438	32	7.31%
Iraq	646	45	6.97%
Sudan	629	41	6.52%
Israel	1,399	91	6.50%
DR Congo	750	44	5.87%

Share is of a delegation's own speeches in the whole corpus, never of the reading set.

How to read this

The word contains 4,576 speeches from 1,711 meetings. Rows show up to 20 affiliations ranked by the share of their own speeches included in that set. Change the reading set at the top of the page.

What it does not show

The debate set includes every speech in a meeting where someone used genocid*. An affiliation's inclusion therefore does not mean it used the term itself. This table uses each affiliation's total speeches as its denominator.

More on this figure

Download annual speaker counts and rates. Each affiliation keeps its own annual denominator. Rates below 125 speeches are withheld; the CSV retains counts and labels its Wilson intervals.

The period ranking requires at least 125 speeches per affiliation. Counts remain available when a rate is withheld.

Speakers by rate

Which delegations used the vocabulary most, as a share of their own speeches?

Computed from the record

Period Ranked by

Why 10 ranked speakers are not mapped

The map uses source state flags and reviewed locations. Missing locations do not remove a speaker from the ranking.

Palestine — not classified as a state in the source flags.
Palestine Liberation Organization — not classified as a state in the source flags.
(personal capacity) — not classified as a state in the source flags.
League of Arab States — not classified as a state in the source flags.
United Nations — not classified as a state in the source flags.
European Union — not classified as a state in the source flags.
African Union — not classified as a state in the source flags.
German Democratic Republic — no reviewed geographic match.
Czechoslovakia — no reviewed geographic match.
German Federal Republic — no reviewed geographic match.

Find a ranked speaker

Speakers ranked by share of its speeches for genocide, 1946-2026
Share	95% interval 0–30%	Group	Speeches	Using the term	Per 100,000 words
28.97%	25.84%–32.32%	African Group	749	217	272.55
25.53%	19.05%–33.31%	Eastern European Group	141	36	103.80
22.87%	17.84%–28.81%	Western European and Others Group	223	51	46.59
22.83%	18.72%–27.54%	Other	346	79	48.01
19.75%	14.27%–26.66%	Other	157	31	21.22
16.85%	12.88%–21.74%	Other	273	46	27.66
15.56%	12.31%–19.48%	Eastern European Group	392	61	66.20
12.06%	8.63%–16.61%	African Group	257	31	33.27
11.39%	7.71%–16.51%	Intergovernmental organisation	202	23	14.76
10.00%	6.57%–14.94%	African Group	200	20	29.39
8.58%	6.75%–10.84%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	723	62	16.88
8.49%	6.42%–11.14%	Eastern European Group	542	46	25.55
8.16%	5.84%–11.30%	Asia-Pacific Group	392	32	7.10
7.89%	5.83%–10.61%	Eastern European Group	494	39	22.20
7.84%	6.11%–10.00%	Asia-Pacific Group	740	58	19.86
7.31%	5.22%–10.13%	Western European and Others Group	438	32	25.98
6.97%	5.25%–9.19%	Asia-Pacific Group	646	45	11.26
6.52%	4.84%–8.72%	African Group	629	41	15.93
6.50%	5.33%–7.92%	Western European and Others Group	1,399	91	10.51
5.87%	4.40%–7.78%	African Group	750	44	17.32

Loading the background map…

Every dot is the same size: the map locates a delegation, the table carries its rate.

How to read this

Rows follow the selected ranking. Each 95% interval indicates precision assuming independent speeches; wider intervals mean less precise estimates. Every strip runs from 0 to 30%; an interval reaching further ends in an arrowhead. Select a row to locate the affiliation on the map, or a dot to find its row. An asterisk marks a shared country code.

What it does not show

The map locates affiliations; dot size does not encode frequency. Rates are withheld for 590 affiliations with fewer than 125 speeches this period. Rates do not identify a speaker's position.

More on this figure

The minimum applies to total speeches in the selected period, regardless of the term. This prevents a few speeches from dominating the rate ranking.

10 ranked affiliations have no map position and remain in the table. Historical states may share a location with a successor, while retaining separate counts.

Who held a seat when they spoke

Was a delegation speaking as a member of the Council, or from outside it?

Computed from the record

Period Showing Ordered by seated in some years, not in others

P5seatE10seatNon-member stateUNNon-state

Speakers by the positions they held when speaking, 1946-2026
Speaker	Speeches	From a seat	P5	E10	Non-member state	Non-state
China	8,337	99.96%	8,334	0	3	0
Japan	3,402	86.04%	0	2,927	475	0
Brazil	2,865	87.16%	0	2,497	368	0
Pakistan	2,352	74.02%	0	1,741	611	0
India	2,202	67.89%	0	1,495	691	16
Australia	2,185	81.92%	0	1,790	395	0
Poland	2,155	89.10%	0	1,920	235	0
Syria	2,139	59.75%	0	1,278	849	12
Colombia	2,077	87.39%	0	1,815	262	0
Argentina	2,051	86.20%	0	1,768	283	0
Egypt	2,014	60.18%	0	1,212	802	0
Germany	1,966	83.52%	0	1,642	324	0
Mexico	1,850	87.46%	0	1,618	232	0
Belgium	1,824	87.55%	0	1,597	227	0
South Korea	1,758	83.50%	0	1,468	290	0
Italy	1,699	82.28%	0	1,398	301	0
Spain	1,678	86.00%	0	1,443	235	0
Ukraine	1,598	72.22%	0	1,154	444	0
Netherlands	1,568	78.70%	0	1,234	334	0
Norway	1,564	80.75%	0	1,263	301	0
Peru	1,564	89.39%	0	1,398	166	0
Nigeria	1,549	84.31%	0	1,306	243	0
Denmark	1,456	92.79%	0	1,351	105	0
Canada	1,441	69.81%	0	1,006	435	0
Jordan	1,426	67.67%	0	965	461	0
Malaysia	1,412	79.04%	0	1,116	296	0
Turkey	1,374	43.74%	0	601	773	0
South Africa	1,347	71.34%	0	961	386	0
Indonesia	1,335	69.06%	0	922	403	10
Greece	1,326	73.98%	0	981	345	0
Slovenia	1,264	88.37%	0	1,117	147	0
Algeria	1,254	78.55%	0	985	269	0
Ecuador	1,236	89.56%	0	1,107	129	0
Sierra Leone	1,234	85.98%	0	1,061	173	0
Chile	1,221	83.21%	0	1,016	205	0
Panama	1,186	94.18%	0	1,117	69	0
Switzerland	1,180	81.10%	0	957	223	0
New Zealand	1,168	80.74%	0	943	225	0
Sweden	1,166	86.02%	0	1,003	163	0
Bolivia	1,158	96.55%	0	1,118	40	0
Guyana	1,146	95.99%	0	1,100	46	0
United Arab Emirates	1,121	82.16%	0	921	200	0
Gabon	1,100	97.91%	0	1,077	23	0
Ireland	1,074	82.59%	0	887	187	0
Ghana	1,068	92.04%	0	983	85	0
Malta	1,044	93.39%	0	975	69	0
Albania	1,040	89.23%	0	928	112	0
Yugoslavia	1,036	54.92%	0	569	467	0
Portugal	987	65.65%	0	648	339	0
Kuwait	986	76.77%	0	757	229	0
Uruguay	984	84.65%	0	833	151	0
Lebanon	973	52.42%	0	510	452	11
Venezuela	966	78.26%	0	756	210	0
Vietnam	916	79.04%	0	724	192	0
Ivory Coast	902	87.80%	0	792	110	0
Senegal	882	81.29%	0	717	165	0
Mozambique	857	89.15%	0	764	93	0
Morocco	849	51.83%	0	440	409	0
Somalia	835	78.32%	0	654	181	0
Kenya	806	78.41%	0	632	174	0
Ethiopia	772	79.92%	0	617	155	0
Uganda	772	83.03%	0	641	131	0
DR Congo	750	62.93%	0	472	278	0
Rwanda	749	71.70%	0	537	212	0
Libya	741	58.97%	0	437	304	0
Tunisia	741	66.94%	0	496	245	0
Iran	740	15.95%	0	118	622	0
Bangladesh	734	60.63%	0	445	289	0
Cuba	723	40.66%	0	294	429	0
Angola	707	75.67%	0	535	172	0
Philippines	679	69.51%	0	472	207	0
Romania	669	78.48%	0	525	144	0
Iraq	646	39.63%	0	256	390	0
Sudan	629	35.14%	0	221	408	0
Austria	623	71.43%	0	445	178	0
Kazakhstan	617	71.96%	0	444	173	0
Lithuania	605	83.64%	0	506	99	0
Bulgaria	603	78.44%	0	473	130	0
Bahrain	592	76.86%	0	455	137	0
Mali	586	78.16%	0	458	128	0
Jamaica	578	91.35%	0	528	50	0
Costa Rica	576	73.96%	0	426	150	0
Guinea	576	83.51%	0	481	95	0
Burkina Faso	566	92.58%	0	524	42	0
Croatia	542	59.96%	0	325	217	0
Equatorial Guinea	534	97.38%	0	520	14	0
Benin	532	87.03%	0	463	69	0
Tanzania	532	76.88%	0	409	123	0
Cameroon	515	94.37%	0	486	29	0
Congo	505	90.50%	0	457	48	0
Dominican Republic	504	82.54%	0	416	88	0
Qatar	497	50.91%	0	253	244	0
Azerbaijan	494	71.66%	0	354	140	0
Zambia	484	79.96%	0	387	97	0
Guatemala	477	53.88%	0	257	220	0
Singapore	475	83.16%	0	395	80	0
Namibia	446	76.01%	0	339	107	0
Luxembourg	438	74.20%	0	325	113	0
Mauritius	432	89.35%	0	386	46	0
Estonia	416	66.11%	0	275	141	0
Hungary	409	73.35%	0	300	109	0
Niger	404	94.31%	0	381	23	0
Thailand	400	54.25%	0	217	183	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	392	54.85%	0	215	177	0
Chad	385	87.27%	0	336	49	0
Togo	381	92.91%	0	354	27	0
Nicaragua	363	66.67%	0	242	121	0
Slovakia	329	63.22%	0	208	121	0
Botswana	326	64.72%	0	211	115	0
Zimbabwe	282	66.31%	0	187	95	0
Nepal	280	60.36%	0	169	111	0
Sri Lanka	277	49.82%	0	138	139	0
Yemen	266	37.22%	0	99	167	0
Liberia	264	51.52%	0	136	128	0
Czech Republic	263	68.82%	0	181	82	0
Finland	262	58.40%	0	153	109	0
Burundi	257	44.75%	0	115	142	0
Gambia	248	92.74%	0	230	18	0
Trinidad and Tobago	237	87.34%	0	207	30	0
Oman	235	81.28%	0	191	44	0
Honduras	230	76.96%	0	177	53	0
Djibouti	206	67.48%	0	139	67	0
Cape Verde	204	93.14%	0	190	14	0
German Democratic Republic	204	68.63%	0	140	64	0
Czechoslovakia	202	78.71%	0	159	43	0
Mauritania	200	60.00%	0	120	80	0
Madagascar	191	77.49%	0	148	43	0
Latvia	182	47.25%	0	86	96	0
Paraguay	171	74.85%	0	128	43	0
Guinea-Bissau	168	70.24%	0	118	50	0
German Federal Republic	159	89.94%	0	143	16	0
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	130	92.31%	0	120	10	0
Belarus	120	40.00%	0	48	72	0
Yemen People's Republic	107	60.75%	0	65	42	0
Yemen Arab Republic	45	2.22%	0	1	44	0

What the five positions mean

Permanent and elected members held Council seats when speaking. Non-member states addressed the Council without holding a seat. UN speakers and non-state participants form separate categories. The source labels elected members E10; the Council had six elected seats before its expansion in 1965.

Band width shows the share of an affiliation's speeches delivered in each membership category.

Who stays silent when others say it

When another speaker has just used the word, does a delegation use it too, or stay silent?

Computed from the record

Period Showing Ordered by

Speakers by the share of their exposed meetings in which they used the word, 1946-2026
Speaker	Share	95% interval 0–40%	Group	Exposed meetings	Used the word
Thailand	0.00%	0.00%–4.14%	Asia-Pacific Group	89	0
Nepal	0.00%	0.00%–6.31%	Asia-Pacific Group	57	0
El Salvador	0.00%	0.00%–10.15%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	34	0
Iceland	0.00%	0.00%–10.43%	Western European and Others Group	33	0
Kazakhstan	1.74%	0.48%–6.12%	Asia-Pacific Group	115	2
Vietnam	2.56%	0.88%–7.27%	Asia-Pacific Group	117	3
Sri Lanka	2.99%	0.82%–10.25%	Asia-Pacific Group	67	2
Japan	3.05%	1.71%–5.37%	Asia-Pacific Group	361	11
Belarus	3.13%	0.55%–15.74%	Eastern European Group	32	1
Togo	3.13%	0.55%–15.74%	African Group	32	1
Montenegro	3.33%	0.59%–16.67%	Eastern European Group	30	1
China	3.69%	2.49%–5.44%	Asia-Pacific Group	650	24
Georgia	4.17%	1.43%–11.55%	Eastern European Group	72	3
Mali	4.35%	1.20%–14.53%	African Group	46	2
Lebanon	4.41%	2.04%–9.29%	Asia-Pacific Group	136	6
Zimbabwe	4.44%	1.23%–14.83%	African Group	45	2
Guyana	5.10%	2.20%–11.39%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	98	5
Bulgaria	5.26%	1.81%–14.37%	Eastern European Group	57	3
Philippines	5.77%	2.67%–12.02%	Asia-Pacific Group	104	6
Russia	5.81%	4.30%–7.82%	Eastern European Group	688	40
Cambodia	6.06%	1.68%–19.61%	Asia-Pacific Group	33	2
Norway	6.25%	3.61%–10.61%	Western European and Others Group	192	12
Egypt	6.55%	4.18%–10.11%	African Group	275	18
Morocco	6.57%	3.96%–10.73%	African Group	213	14
Dominican Republic	6.67%	2.29%–17.86%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	45	3
Poland	6.99%	4.13%–11.59%	Eastern European Group	186	13
Bahrain	7.00%	3.43%–13.75%	Asia-Pacific Group	100	7
India	7.14%	4.62%–10.89%	Asia-Pacific Group	266	19
Portugal	7.19%	4.06%–12.41%	Western European and Others Group	153	11
South Korea	7.36%	4.77%–11.21%	Asia-Pacific Group	258	19
Uganda	7.41%	3.44%–15.23%	African Group	81	6
Indonesia	7.42%	4.69%–11.57%	Asia-Pacific Group	229	17
Greece	7.46%	4.10%–13.19%	Western European and Others Group	134	10
Panama	7.48%	3.84%–14.06%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	107	8
Mauritius	7.50%	2.58%–19.86%	African Group	40	3
Guinea	7.69%	2.65%–20.32%	African Group	39	3
Somalia	7.81%	3.38%–17.02%	African Group	64	5
Ethiopia	8.00%	4.11%–15.00%	African Group	100	8
Nigeria	8.05%	4.85%–13.05%	African Group	174	14
Benin	8.16%	3.22%–19.19%	African Group	49	4
Guatemala	8.20%	4.51%–14.43%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	122	10
Brazil	8.30%	5.64%–12.06%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	289	24
Burkina Faso	8.33%	2.87%–21.83%	African Group	36	3
Italy	8.42%	5.32%–13.06%	Western European and Others Group	202	17
Gabon	8.62%	4.75%–15.14%	African Group	116	10
Romania	8.70%	4.47%–16.23%	Eastern European Group	92	8
Yemen	8.82%	3.05%–22.96%	Asia-Pacific Group	34	3
Austria	8.94%	5.07%–15.31%	Western European and Others Group	123	11
Colombia	9.21%	5.57%–14.87%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	152	14
Jamaica	9.30%	3.68%–21.60%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	43	4
Malta	9.38%	5.44%–15.67%	Western European and Others Group	128	12
Ireland	9.58%	5.98%–15.00%	Western European and Others Group	167	16
Kenya	9.76%	5.67%–16.28%	African Group	123	12
United Arab Emirates	10.00%	6.25%–15.63%	Asia-Pacific Group	160	16
Ecuador	10.00%	6.15%–15.84%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	150	15
Sweden	10.17%	5.91%–16.94%	Western European and Others Group	118	12
Denmark	10.24%	6.08%–16.73%	Western European and Others Group	127	13
Turkey	10.67%	7.27%–15.38%	Western European and Others Group	225	24
Finland	10.87%	4.73%–23.04%	Western European and Others Group	46	5
Spain	10.88%	7.23%–16.06%	Western European and Others Group	193	21
Ivory Coast	10.96%	5.66%–20.16%	African Group	73	8
United Kingdom	11.54%	9.25%–14.31%	Western European and Others Group	615	71
Ukraine	11.62%	7.87%–16.83%	Eastern European Group	198	23
Namibia	11.69%	6.27%–20.75%	African Group	77	9
Equatorial Guinea	11.76%	5.51%–23.38%	African Group	51	6
Myanmar	12.00%	5.62%–23.80%	Asia-Pacific Group	50	6
Qatar	12.12%	7.60%–18.78%	Asia-Pacific Group	132	16
Cyprus	12.24%	5.73%–24.24%	Asia-Pacific Group	49	6
Australia	12.28%	8.17%–18.04%	Western European and Others Group	171	21
South Africa	12.33%	8.67%–17.25%	African Group	227	28
Cameroon	12.90%	5.13%–28.85%	African Group	31	4
Switzerland	12.95%	8.93%–18.42%	Western European and Others Group	193	25
Chile	12.99%	8.57%–19.21%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	154	20
Germany	13.16%	9.37%–18.16%	Western European and Others Group	228	30
Slovakia	13.33%	7.79%–21.87%	Eastern European Group	90	12
Bolivia	13.58%	7.76%–22.70%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	81	11
Hungary	13.85%	7.46%–24.27%	Eastern European Group	65	9
Algeria	14.36%	10.06%–20.09%	African Group	188	27
Netherlands	14.67%	9.89%–21.21%	Western European and Others Group	150	22
New Zealand	14.67%	9.89%–21.21%	Western European and Others Group	150	22
Jordan	14.71%	10.16%–20.81%	Asia-Pacific Group	170	25
Estonia	15.00%	9.31%–23.28%	Eastern European Group	100	15
Latvia	15.00%	8.10%–26.11%	Eastern European Group	60	9
Malaysia	15.03%	10.67%–20.75%	Asia-Pacific Group	193	29
Belgium	15.09%	10.36%–21.48%	Western European and Others Group	159	24
Singapore	15.38%	8.01%–27.52%	Asia-Pacific Group	52	8
Canada	15.90%	11.43%–21.68%	Western European and Others Group	195	31
Argentina	15.98%	11.92%–21.10%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	244	39
Yugoslavia	16.11%	11.07%–22.85%	Eastern European Group	149	24
Mexico	16.16%	11.69%–21.92%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	198	32
France	16.19%	13.46%–19.36%	Western European and Others Group	599	97
Costa Rica	16.22%	10.51%–24.18%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	111	18
Peru	16.33%	11.22%–23.14%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	147	24
Mozambique	16.67%	10.37%–25.69%	African Group	90	15
Sierra Leone	16.90%	11.63%–23.92%	African Group	142	24
Venezuela	17.04%	11.63%–24.27%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	135	23
Chad	17.24%	9.64%–28.91%	African Group	58	10
Senegal	17.35%	11.12%–26.04%	African Group	98	17
Saudi Arabia	17.48%	11.35%–25.94%	Asia-Pacific Group	103	18
Israel	17.86%	13.62%–23.06%	Western European and Others Group	252	45
Kuwait	17.97%	12.28%–25.52%	Asia-Pacific Group	128	23
Slovenia	18.28%	13.39%–24.46%	Eastern European Group	186	34
Angola	18.28%	11.74%–27.34%	African Group	93	17
Djibouti	18.42%	9.22%–33.42%	African Group	38	7
Libya	18.52%	11.56%–28.33%	African Group	81	15
Afghanistan	19.15%	10.42%–32.54%	Asia-Pacific Group	47	9
Uruguay	19.17%	13.13%–27.12%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	120	23
Pakistan	19.18%	15.07%–24.08%	Asia-Pacific Group	292	56
Czech Republic	19.64%	11.34%–31.84%	Eastern European Group	56	11
Tunisia	19.83%	13.59%–28.00%	African Group	116	23
Iraq	20.00%	13.71%–28.23%	Asia-Pacific Group	115	23
United States	20.09%	17.16%–23.40%	Western European and Others Group	632	127
Bangladesh	20.25%	14.79%–27.07%	Asia-Pacific Group	163	33
Syria	20.63%	15.48%–26.96%	Asia-Pacific Group	189	39
Iran	21.21%	15.67%–28.07%	Asia-Pacific Group	165	35
DR Congo	21.43%	14.46%–30.55%	African Group	98	21
Burundi	21.43%	12.71%–33.82%	African Group	56	12
Ghana	21.74%	15.18%–30.12%	African Group	115	25
Luxembourg	21.78%	14.85%–30.78%	Western European and Others Group	101	22
Oman	21.95%	12.00%–36.71%	Asia-Pacific Group	41	9
Maldives	22.45%	13.03%–35.88%	Asia-Pacific Group	49	11
Botswana	22.58%	13.96%–34.41%	African Group	62	14
Lithuania	23.15%	16.20%–31.94%	Eastern European Group	108	25
Nicaragua	24.32%	13.36%–40.12%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	37	9
Croatia	24.39%	18.45%–31.50%	Eastern European Group	164	40
Albania	24.47%	16.89%–34.05%	Eastern European Group	94	23
Tanzania	25.35%	16.68%–36.55%	African Group	71	18
Sudan	25.60%	18.76%–33.90%	African Group	125	32
Azerbaijan	26.32%	19.10%–35.08%	Eastern European Group	114	30
Cuba	27.93%	20.43%–36.90%	Latin American and Caribbean Group	111	31
Congo	28.13%	15.56%–45.37%	African Group	32	9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	32.50%	24.78%–41.31%	Eastern European Group	120	39
Liechtenstein	34.86%	26.57%–44.19%	Western European and Others Group	109	38
Armenia	35.44%	25.80%–46.44%	Eastern European Group	79	28
Rwanda	69.40%	62.38%–75.62%	African Group	183	127

The rule, as the artefact states it

A meeting counts for a speaker when the speaker took the floor in it and at least one other speaker used the word. The share is the part of those meetings in which the speaker used the word too. Procedural turns by the presidency are left out on both sides, because they read agenda titles aloud and some titles contain the word. A meeting in which the speaker was the only one to use the word does not count: nobody else had made the word available. No share is given below 30 meetings; across the corpus speakers join in 11.3% of such meetings, and seeing none in fewer than 25 meetings is what that average would predict.

The stricter reading follows the order of speaking. A meeting counts when the speaker took the floor after another speaker had already used the word, and the share is the part of those meetings in which the speaker then used it. Across the corpus 20,296 of the 30,752 attendances counted above meet that test; in the rest the speaker had finished before anyone else used the word. Under it speakers join in 13.4% of such meetings.

Shares are of a delegation's own exposed meetings, never of all its speeches.

How to read this

A meeting counts if the delegation spoke after another speaker had already used the word; the share is those in which it joined in. Bars are 95% intervals, ticks shares, dashes the room's average, 13.37%. Strips run from 0 to 40%; longer intervals end in an arrowhead(6 here). Names open their uses.

What it does not show

Not using the word is a fact about the record, not about intent. For other languages the word is the UN translator's, and a delegation may have spoken to another point. 62 speakers with fewer than 30 such meetings are not ranked.

More on this figure

Procedural turns by the presidency are left out on both sides: they read agenda titles aloud, and some titles contain the word. A meeting in which a delegation was the only one to use the word does not count for it, because nobody else had made the word available. Nor does a meeting in which the delegation had finished speaking before anyone else used it: the order of speaking is the source's. The download carries both counts.

In this period 1,681 meetings carried the word in a substantive speech. Speakers joined in 2,714 of 20,296 exposed attendances.

What a delegation says that the room does not

Which words are more frequent in this affiliation's speeches than in the comparison speeches?

Computed from the record

Speaker Compared against Rows

10,720 paired speeches out of 12,234 (87.62% of its record) · 5,647,544 words against 4,475,115 in the comparison set · 9 of the 15 largest unpaired differences are no longer among the largest once paired; the others fell by a median of -0.15 on the log-ratio scale

Keywords for Russia, against a matched control
Word	Conservative	Log ratio	This speaker	Compared with	G²	Speeches / meetings	Spread (DP)
kyiv	+4.01	+4.81 [+4.46, +4.86]	2,228	63	2,126	377 / 302	0.91
racists	+4.00	+5.55 [+4.18, +5.64]	830	14	849	174 / 162	0.94
monopolies	+3.54	+6.10 [+5.09, +6.10]	346	4	367	114 / 110	0.93
circles	+3.38	+4.69 [+3.92, +4.69]	686	21	646	335 / 315	0.86
kyiv's	+3.22	+7.29 [+7.28, +8.31]	198	1	220	126 / 117	0.96
washington's	+2.97	+7.06 [+7.02, +8.07]	168	1	185	133 / 133	0.97
anti-russian	+2.94	+7.75 [+7.74, +7.82]	136	0	159	100 / 99	0.97
colonial	+2.88	+3.49 [+3.49, +3.80]	1,633	115	1,245	454 / 414	0.86
colonialists	+2.76	+3.86 [+3.50, +4.48]	604	33	499	148 / 139	0.94
colonizers	+2.65	+7.48 [+5.46, +7.48]	113	0	132	42 / 42	0.98
clique	+2.64	+4.63 [+3.73, +5.06]	250	8	234	138 / 132	0.94
kuomintang	+2.64	+6.74 [+5.63, +6.77]	135	1	147	56 / 42	0.99
racist	+2.57	+3.20 [+2.42, +3.20]	1,278	110	902	212 / 196	0.93
zelenskyy	+2.53	+3.90 [+3.25, +4.32]	376	20	313	131 / 122	0.96
donbas	+2.45	+3.45 [+3.07, +3.58]	566	41	427	185 / 162	0.95
slanderous	+2.43	+4.66 [+3.78, +5.21]	192	6	180	118 / 103	0.95
occupiers	+2.42	+6.54 [+4.54, +6.55]	117	1	127	72 / 68	0.97
maidan	+2.40	+5.71 [+4.38, +6.70]	132	2	137	72 / 68	0.98
patrons	+2.39	+7.23 [+4.63, +7.23]	95	0	111	73 / 73	0.97
allegedly	+2.34	+3.55 [+3.29, +3.61]	399	27	309	310 / 301	0.90

Most frequent agenda categories

The comparison matches on these agenda categories. Russia spoke on 618 categories; 16.87% of its speeches concerned the three most frequent.

The situation in the Middle East 10.06%
The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question 3.47%
Maintenance of international peace and security 3.33%
The Palestine question 3.31%
Admission of new Members 3.02%
Situation in the Republic of the Congo 2.31%
The situation in the occupied Arab territories 2.20%
Middle East situation, including the Palestinian question 2.13%
610 further items 70.15%

Bar length shows the smallest difference the counts support, so a rare word draws a short bar however exclusive it is. A filled bar is a word the delegation uses more; an open dashed one, less.

How to read this

Rows rank by a conservative estimate: the smallest frequency ratio the counts support, allowing for every word tested; bars and the first number show it (+1: at least double). An asterisk marks words in the affiliation's name. Brackets: the log ratio's range over 10 comparison draws.

What it does not show

Comparison speeches share the year, agenda category and speaker group, but may differ in other ways. Distinctive vocabulary does not establish policy or belief. The name-word marker misses indirect self-references.

More on this figure

The log ratio beside the estimate is the ratio as counted. A word used only a handful of times cannot rank, however exclusive it is.

This table covers the affiliation's paired speeches, whether or not they mention genocide. Coverage is the share of its speech record with a suitable partner. The speech and meeting columns count where a word occurs; DP measures concentration, from broadly distributed near 0 to concentrated near 1. Measure definitions.

The record is in English. Speeches delivered in another official language reach it through UN interpretation and translation, and the source does not say which speeches did, so some of a delegation's distinctive words may be its translators' usage rather than its own.

The Language page separately compares speeches mentioning genocide with those without it.

Who is not here

590 speakers were never paired at all. They delivered fewer than 125 speeches, so no comparison could be built. Their absence from this comparison does not imply an absence of distinctive language.
5 were paired and then held back. Select one to see its matching coverage and the reason its table is withheld: Palestine Liberation Organization (47.77%),Georgia (83.57%),Haiti (92.42%),St. Vincent and the Grenadines (94.62%),United Nations (4.31%).
A distinctive word is not a position. A delegation that frequently names a conflict may be condemning it, reporting on it, or chairing the debate about it. Read the speeches

The reading set, by delegation

The reading set, by delegation

Speakers by rate

Speakers, ranked

Who held a seat when they spoke

Who stays silent when others say it

What a delegation says that the room does not

Most frequent agenda categories

Who is not here