Who said it

Compare how often delegations and organisations use the vocabulary relative to their own speech totals. Of 708 speaker affiliations in the data, 148 meet the minimum for displaying a rate in the selected period. Here, a speaker means an affiliation, not an individual person.

The reading set, by delegation

Inside the selected reading set, who spoke, and how much of their own record is it?

Computed from the record

Delegations ranked by the share of their own speeches that the word holds
Speaker	Speeches	In the set	Share
Rwanda	724	196	27.07%
Liechtenstein	198	47	23.74%
Palestine Liberation Organization	135	29	21.48%
(personal capacity)	211	37	17.54%
Palestine	306	46	15.03%
Bosnia and Herzegovina	383	57	14.88%
Burundi	223	31	13.90%
League of Arab States	170	16	9.41%
Croatia	513	45	8.77%
Mauritania	184	16	8.70%
Saudi Arabia	345	29	8.41%
Azerbaijan	473	37	7.82%
Luxembourg	424	31	7.31%
Iran	667	44	6.60%
Nicaragua	321	21	6.54%
Iraq	612	40	6.54%
Cuba	675	44	6.52%
Georgia	126	8	6.35%
Israel	1,290	79	6.12%
Afghanistan	209	12	5.74%

Share is of a delegation's own speeches in the whole corpus, never of the reading set.

How to read this

The word contains 4,133 speeches from 1,556 meetings. Rows show up to 20 affiliations ranked by the share of their own speeches included in that set. Change the reading set at the top of the page.

What it does not show

The debate set includes every speech in a meeting where someone used genocid*. An affiliation's inclusion therefore does not mean it used the term itself. This table uses each affiliation's total speeches as its denominator.

Speakers by rate

Which delegations used the vocabulary most, as a share of their own speeches?

Computed from the record

Period Ranked by

Why 10 ranked speakers are not mapped

The map uses source state flags and reviewed locations. Missing locations do not remove a speaker from the ranking.

Palestine Liberation Organization — not classified as a state in the source flags.
(personal capacity) — not classified as a state in the source flags.
Palestine — not classified as a state in the source flags.
League of Arab States — not classified as a state in the source flags.
European Union — not classified as a state in the source flags.
United Nations — not classified as a state in the source flags.
African Union — not classified as a state in the source flags.
German Democratic Republic — no reviewed geographic match.
Czechoslovakia — no reviewed geographic match.
German Federal Republic — no reviewed geographic match.

Find a ranked speaker

Speakers ranked by share of its speeches for genocide, 1946-2024
Group	Speeches	Using the term	Share	95% interval	Per 100,000 words
African Group	724	196	27.07%	23.96%–30.42%	272.12
Western European and Others Group	198	47	23.74%	18.35%–30.13%	47.68
Other	135	29	21.48%	15.39%–29.15%	23.74
Other	211	37	17.54%	13.00%–23.23%	29.07
Other	306	46	15.03%	11.46%–19.47%	32.95
Eastern European Group	383	57	14.88%	11.67%–18.80%	60.98
African Group	223	31	13.90%	9.97%–19.06%	35.94
Intergovernmental organisation	170	16	9.41%	5.88%–14.74%	12.35
Eastern European Group	513	45	8.77%	6.62%–11.54%	26.38
African Group	184	16	8.70%	5.42%–13.66%	24.24
Asia-Pacific Group	345	29	8.41%	5.92%–11.81%	7.20
Eastern European Group	473	37	7.82%	5.73%–10.60%	22.22
Western European and Others Group	424	31	7.31%	5.20%–10.19%	26.37
Asia-Pacific Group	667	44	6.60%	4.95%–8.74%	18.23
Latin American and Caribbean Group	321	21	6.54%	4.32%–9.79%	15.46
Asia-Pacific Group	612	40	6.54%	4.84%–8.78%	11.05
Latin American and Caribbean Group	675	44	6.52%	4.89%–8.64%	11.50
Eastern European Group	126	8	6.35%	3.25%–12.03%	13.16
Western European and Others Group	1,290	79	6.12%	4.94%–7.57%	9.81
Asia-Pacific Group	209	12	5.74%	3.31%–9.77%	9.37

Loading the background map…

Every dot is the same size: the map locates a delegation, the table carries its rate.

How to read this

Rows follow the selected ranking. Each 95% interval indicates precision assuming independent speeches; wider intervals mean less precise estimates. Select a row to locate the affiliation on the map, or a dot to find its row. An asterisk marks a shared country code.

What it does not show

The map locates affiliations; dot size does not encode frequency. Rates are withheld for 560 affiliations with fewer than 125 speeches this period. Rates do not identify a speaker's position.

Who held a seat when they spoke

Was a delegation speaking as a member of the Council, or from outside it?

Computed from the record

Period Showing Ordered by seated in some years, not in others

P5seatE10seatNon-member stateUNNon-state

Speakers by the positions they held when speaking, 1946-2024
Speaker	Speeches	From a seat	P5	E10	Non-member state	Non-state
United States of America	10,295	99.96%	10,291	0	0	4
United Kingdom	9,944	99.81%	9,925	0	0	19
France	8,494	99.78%	8,475	0	0	19
China	7,363	99.88%	7,354	0	0	9
Japan	3,308	87.00%	0	2,878	424	6
Brazil	2,802	88.19%	0	2,471	329	2
Australia	2,124	82.25%	0	1,747	375	2
India	2,114	69.39%	0	1,467	647	0
Poland	2,044	91.10%	0	1,862	176	6
Syria	2,040	60.98%	0	1,244	796	0
Argentina	1,990	86.68%	0	1,725	261	4
Egypt	1,950	61.85%	0	1,206	739	5
Germany	1,923	85.23%	0	1,639	282	2
Pakistan	1,824	67.60%	0	1,233	589	2
Belgium	1,750	88.34%	0	1,546	202	2
Mexico	1,725	88.87%	0	1,533	189	3
Colombia	1,666	85.59%	0	1,426	232	8
Spain	1,629	88.09%	0	1,435	194	0
Italy	1,609	82.85%	0	1,333	271	5
Norway	1,533	81.93%	0	1,256	277	0
Peru	1,532	90.27%	0	1,383	148	1
Nigeria	1,525	85.11%	0	1,298	220	7
Netherlands	1,513	80.24%	0	1,214	297	2
Ukraine	1,510	74.24%	0	1,121	378	11
Canada	1,387	70.37%	0	976	409	2
Jordan	1,385	68.59%	0	950	431	4
Malaysia	1,341	80.39%	0	1,078	263	0
Indonesia	1,306	69.22%	0	904	400	2
South Africa	1,301	73.64%	0	958	337	6
Turkey	1,288	46.12%	0	594	693	1
South Korea	1,207	77.13%	0	931	276	0
Ecuador	1,195	90.63%	0	1,083	110	2
Chile	1,178	85.23%	0	1,004	171	3
Sweden	1,151	86.79%	0	999	148	4
New Zealand	1,128	81.29%	0	917	210	1
Bolivia	1,104	96.74%	0	1,068	36	0
Gabon	1,095	97.81%	0	1,071	22	2
Switzerland	1,073	81.55%	0	875	190	8
Ghana	1,052	92.40%	0	972	77	3
Ireland	1,040	84.90%	0	883	155	2
Malta	1,022	95.40%	0	975	46	1
Albania	1,006	90.16%	0	907	99	0
Denmark	999	89.89%	0	898	101	0
United Arab Emirates	988	85.32%	0	843	144	1
Uruguay	961	86.26%	0	829	131	1
Lebanon	954	54.82%	0	523	429	2
Yugoslavia	949	56.16%	0	533	398	18
Kuwait	937	80.58%	0	755	182	0
Portugal	916	70.52%	0	646	269	1
Venezuela	912	80.26%	0	732	179	1
Ivory Coast	865	87.86%	0	760	105	0
Senegal	861	80.95%	0	697	160	4
Vietnam	847	81.46%	0	690	157	0
Algeria	846	69.74%	0	590	255	1
Slovenia	833	83.43%	0	695	137	1
Mozambique	828	89.49%	0	741	85	2
Greece	803	58.16%	0	467	335	1
Morocco	791	54.24%	0	429	360	2
Sierra Leone	758	78.10%	0	592	164	2
Uganda	755	83.97%	0	634	117	4
Ethiopia	747	80.99%	0	605	142	0
Kenya	737	79.65%	0	587	147	3
Rwanda	724	74.31%	0	538	179	7
Tunisia	710	68.87%	0	489	219	2
Guyana	709	93.37%	0	662	47	0
Libya	708	61.16%	0	433	275	0
Bangladesh	704	62.50%	0	440	261	3
Angola	677	79.03%	0	535	140	2
Cuba	675	42.07%	0	284	390	1
Iran	667	16.94%	0	113	553	1
Panama	664	90.06%	0	598	63	3
Democratic Republic of the Congo	656	62.35%	0	409	242	5
Philippines	638	72.88%	0	465	173	0
Iraq	612	41.67%	0	255	356	1
Romania	610	65.41%	0	399	210	1
Sudan	601	35.94%	0	216	385	0
Kazakhstan	587	75.47%	0	443	142	2
Austria	586	74.57%	0	437	146	3
Lithuania	580	86.90%	0	504	71	5
Bulgaria	572	80.59%	0	461	110	1
Mali	571	78.81%	0	450	120	1
Jamaica	565	91.33%	0	516	49	0
Burkina Faso	562	92.53%	0	520	40	2
Guinea	561	83.60%	0	469	91	1
Costa Rica	555	75.68%	0	420	132	3
Equatorial Guinea	530	97.74%	0	518	11	1
Benin	524	87.02%	0	456	67	1
Tanzania	522	77.39%	0	404	118	0
Croatia	513	63.16%	0	324	187	2
Cameroon	504	94.64%	0	477	25	2
Congo	489	88.96%	0	435	53	1
Dominican Republic	478	87.03%	0	416	60	2
Azerbaijan	473	74.63%	0	353	120	0
Singapore	458	85.15%	0	390	68	0
Zambia	454	78.41%	0	356	92	6
Qatar	452	55.75%	0	252	199	1
Guatemala	451	56.76%	0	256	194	1
Namibia	430	78.37%	0	337	91	2
Mauritius	427	89.93%	0	384	43	0
Luxembourg	424	76.65%	0	325	99	0
Somalia	418	58.85%	0	246	160	12
Niger	401	94.26%	0	378	23	0
Estonia	390	70.00%	0	273	112	5
Hungary	389	73.26%	0	285	103	1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	383	55.09%	0	211	166	6
Chad	383	87.47%	0	335	47	1
Togo	377	93.90%	0	354	23	0
Thailand	340	55.59%	0	189	151	0
Botswana	321	65.73%	0	211	110	0
Nicaragua	321	65.73%	0	211	106	4
Slovakia	320	64.69%	0	207	111	2
Yemen	279	34.05%	0	95	184	0
Zimbabwe	265	67.55%	0	179	84	2
Sri Lanka	257	51.75%	0	133	123	1
Nepal	246	62.60%	0	154	92	0
Czech Republic	244	74.18%	0	181	63	0
Bahrain	237	56.12%	0	133	104	0
Trinidad and Tobago	231	88.31%	0	204	27	0
Gambia	230	92.17%	0	212	18	0
Honduras	229	77.29%	0	177	51	1
Oman	225	84.89%	0	191	34	0
Finland	224	58.04%	0	130	93	1
Burundi	223	47.53%	0	106	115	2
Cape Verde	203	94.09%	0	191	12	0
Djibouti	199	69.85%	0	139	57	3
Liberia	199	38.19%	0	76	121	2
German Democratic Republic	198	68.69%	0	136	62	0
Czechoslovakia	188	79.26%	0	149	39	0
Mauritania	184	64.13%	0	118	64	2
Madagascar	181	76.80%	0	139	41	1
Guinea-Bissau	167	70.66%	0	118	49	0
German Federal Republic	156	76.28%	0	119	37	0
Paraguay	148	81.08%	0	120	28	0
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	128	92.97%	0	119	9	0
Belarus	112	40.18%	0	45	66	1
Yemen People's Republic	93	56.99%	0	53	40	0

What the five positions mean

Permanent and elected members held Council seats when speaking. Non-member states addressed the Council without holding a seat. UN speakers and non-state participants form separate categories. The source labels elected members E10; the Council had six elected seats before its expansion in 1965.

Band width shows the share of an affiliation's speeches delivered in each membership category.

What a delegation says that the room does not

Which words are more frequent in this affiliation's speeches than in the comparison speeches?

Computed from the record

Speaker Compared against Rows

9,937 paired speeches out of 11,318 (87.80% of its record) · 5,225,468 words against 4,299,810 in the comparison set · pairing reduced the largest differences by 8.55 on the log-ratio scale

Keywords for Russia, against a matched control
Word	Log ratio	This speaker	Compared with	G²	Speeches / meetings	Spread (DP)
kyiv’s	+8.10 [+7.07, +8.10]	167	0	201	106 / 97	0.97
maidan	+7.76 [+4.42, +7.76]	132	0	159	72 / 68	0.98
washington’s	+7.75 [+6.75, +7.75]	131	0	157	101 / 101	0.97
anti-russian	+7.39 [+6.42, +7.46]	102	0	122	79 / 78	0.97
tel-aviv	+6.95 [+5.91, +6.95]	75	0	90	19 / 11	1.00
al-tanf	+6.67 [+6.64, +6.67]	62	0	74	53 / 53	0.99
colonizers	+6.51 [+5.49, +7.51]	111	1	123	40 / 40	0.98
non-albanian	+6.42 [+6.41, +6.45]	52	0	62	35 / 35	0.99
pristina’s	+6.33 [+6.26, +6.36]	49	0	59	31 / 31	0.99
russophobic	+6.33 [+5.33, +6.42]	49	0	59	38 / 36	0.99
favouritism	+6.21 [+4.20, +6.23]	45	0	54	27 / 25	0.99
militaristic	+6.21 [+4.15, +6.21]	45	0	54	37 / 37	0.99
gorbachev	+6.15 [+4.11, +6.15]	43	0	52	35 / 33	0.99
patrons	+6.11 [+4.46, +6.11]	84	1	92	65 / 65	0.97
salazar	+6.11 [+2.51, +6.11]	42	0	50	16 / 14	0.99
verkhovna	+6.04 [+5.03, +6.04]	40	0	48	28 / 25	0.99
west’s	+6.02 [+5.99, +7.02]	79	1	86	65 / 65	0.98
canonical	+5.93 [+5.89, +5.93]	37	0	44	19 / 17	0.99
neocolonial	+5.93 [+5.90, +5.97]	37	0	44	37 / 37	0.99
sahara-sahel	+5.93 [+4.90, +5.93]	37	0	44	25 / 25	1.00

Most frequent agenda categories

The comparison matches on these agenda categories. Russia spoke on 611 categories; 16.45% of its speeches concerned the three most frequent.

The situation in the Middle East 9.92%
The Palestine question 3.41%
Admission of new Members 3.12%
The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question 2.92%
Maintenance of international peace and security 2.86%
603 further items 70.74%

Bar length shows the size of the difference, not the confidence in it. Colour shows which way the difference runs.

How to read this

Rows rank words by relative frequency (log ratio), after a G² threshold. Bar length shows log ratio: +1 means twice as frequent. An asterisk identifies words in the affiliation's name. Brackets show the range across 10 random selections of comparison speeches, indicating sensitivity to that choice.

What it does not show

Comparison speeches share the year, agenda category and speaker group, but may differ in other ways. Distinctive vocabulary does not establish policy or belief. The name-word marker misses indirect self-references.

Who is not here

560 speakers were never paired at all. They delivered fewer than 125 speeches, so no comparison could be built. Their absence from this comparison does not imply an absence of distinctive language.
4 were paired and then held back. Select one to see its matching coverage and the reason its table is withheld: Palestine Liberation Organization (42.96%),Georgia (82.54%),St. Vincent and the Grenadines (94.53%),United Nations (34.23%).
A distinctive word is not a position. A delegation that frequently names a conflict may be condemning it, reporting on it, or chairing the debate about it. Read the speeches

The reading set, by delegation

The reading set, by delegation

Speakers by rate

Speakers, ranked

Who held a seat when they spoke

What a delegation says that the room does not

Most frequent agenda categories

Who is not here