Genocide at the Security Council 1946–2026

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Words in context

Examine the phrases around genocide, the words commonly used nearby and the terms found in the same speech. Compare periods and speakers, then follow a word to its passages to assess how it was used.

A collocate is a word found near a selected term. Keyness measures how much more frequent a word is in one set of speeches than in a comparison set. These measures identify passages to investigate; they do not determine a speaker's position. Guide to the table measures.

What the word is doing

What construction is the word in when it is said, and does that differ by period or by speaker?

Computed from the record
8,611 occurrences of genocide, ±90 characters read round each
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%share of the word's occurrencesNo pattern matched: 25.18% of all occurrences (2,168); 24.96% in 2019-2026 [23.46%, 26.52%], 764 occurrencesNo pattern matchedListed with atrocities: 18.49% of all occurrences (1,592); 14.90% in 2019-2026 [13.68%, 16.20%], 456 occurrencesListed with atrocitiesPerpetration: 8.37% of all occurrences (721); 6.63% in 2019-2026 [5.80%, 7.57%], 203 occurrencesPerpetrationNamed event: 7.08% of all occurrences (610); 5.36% in 2019-2026 [4.61%, 6.21%], 164 occurrencesNamed eventPrevention: 5.66% of all occurrences (487); 6.99% in 2019-2026 [6.14%, 7.95%], 214 occurrencesPreventionActs or cases: 4.13% of all occurrences (356); 2.32% in 2019-2026 [1.84%, 2.92%], 71 occurrencesActs or casesLegal text: 4.01% of all occurrences (345); 6.57% in 2019-2026 [5.74%, 7.50%], 201 occurrencesLegal textCrime of genocide: 3.76% of all occurrences (324); 3.50% in 2019-2026 [2.90%, 4.21%], 107 occurrencesCrime of genocideMemory and victims: 3.67% of all occurrences (316); 3.82% in 2019-2026 [3.20%, 4.56%], 117 occurrencesMemory and victimsApplying the label: 3.54% of all occurrences (305); 3.82% in 2019-2026 [3.20%, 4.56%], 117 occurrencesApplying the labelDenial or ideology: 3.51% of all occurrences (302); 6.83% in 2019-2026 [5.99%, 7.78%], 209 occurrencesDenial or ideologyAccountability: 2.90% of all occurrences (250); 3.56% in 2019-2026 [2.96%, 4.28%], 109 occurrencesAccountabilityTargeted group: 2.35% of all occurrences (202); 3.14% in 2019-2026 [2.58%, 3.81%], 96 occurrencesTargeted groupOffice or mandate: 2.31% of all occurrences (199); 1.99% in 2019-2026 [1.55%, 2.55%], 61 occurrencesOffice or mandateRisk or threat: 1.95% of all occurrences (168); 1.96% in 2019-2026 [1.53%, 2.51%], 60 occurrencesRisk or threatQualified wording: 1.31% of all occurrences (113); 1.44% in 2019-2026 [1.07%, 1.92%], 44 occurrencesQualified wordingEvent occurring: 1.06% of all occurrences (91); 1.31% in 2019-2026 [0.96%, 1.77%], 40 occurrencesEvent occurringIntent or definition: 0.72% of all occurrences (62); 0.91% in 2019-2026 [0.63%, 1.32%], 28 occurrencesIntent or definition

Furthest from the corpus profile here: Listed with atrocities 14.90% against 18.49%, Denial or ideology 6.83% against 3.51%, Legal text 6.57% against 4.01%.

Phrase patterns, explanations and examples
Phrase patternAssigned occurrencesPattern matchesHow to interpret itExample
No pattern matched2,1680No phrase pattern matched this occurrence. It remains in the total used to calculate shares.—
Listed with atrocities1,5921,967Places genocide near terms such as war crimes or crimes against humanity. This may be a list of categories or a statement about a case.war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide
Perpetration7211,079Uses wording about committing genocide, responsibility or a policy of genocide. The passage may make, report or dispute an accusation.bring those responsible for the genocide to justice
Named event6101,256Links genocide to a place, year or event. Naming a case does not establish agreement among participants.the actions of the United Nations during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda
Prevention487958Mentions preventing genocide or protecting people from it. This can concern a general duty or a specific situation.our obligation to prevent genocide
Acts or cases356383Uses phrases such as acts of genocide or cases of genocide. Whether this qualifies the claim depends on the surrounding argument.is an act of genocide
Legal text345345Mentions genocide near a treaty, statute or article. This may be a legal citation; it does not by itself allege an event.the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Crime of genocide324586Names genocide as a crime. The phrase alone does not establish a court ruling.the indictment now includes the crime of genocide
Memory and victims316333Refers to anniversaries, remembrance, victims or survivors. The category follows wording and does not establish the purpose of the whole speech.the twentieth anniversary of the Rwandan genocide
Applying the label305311Uses wording such as constitutes genocide or is genocide. The pattern can also capture negation, so it does not establish endorsement.What Hitler did to the Jews in Germany, for example, was genocide
Denial or ideology302314Mentions denial, ideology, revisionism or glorification near genocide. It can capture discussion of denial as well as a denial itself.condemns without reservation any denial of the genocide in Rwanda
Accountability250450Mentions prosecution, conviction, fugitives or impunity near genocide. Check the passage for the stage and outcome of any legal process.Sending genocide convicts to serve out the remainder of their sentences
Targeted group202450Uses wording such as genocide against a group. The pattern identifies phrasing, not the truth or endorsement of the claim.Given the nature of the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda
Office or mandate199199Names an office or mandate concerned with genocide, such as the Special Adviser on its prevention.his Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide
Risk or threat168217Uses wording about a risk, threat or warning sign of genocide, including possible recurrence.the danger of renewed genocide in the region
Qualified wording113115Uses wording such as alleged or so-called, or quotation marks. Read the sentence to distinguish attribution, caution and rejection.he asked himself whether the term “genocide” might be applicable
Event occurring91117Uses phrases such as genocide occurred or there is genocide. Negation and attribution still require reading the sentence.unfortunately that genocide occurred in Rwanda
Intent or definition6280Mentions genocidal intent or the definition of genocide. Read the passage to determine whether it discusses a specific case or an abstract criterion.the factors allowing the inference of genocidal intent
View word forms: nouns and adjectives
FormOccurrencesShareSpellings in the corpus
noun7,84891.14%genocide, genocides, genocidaires, genocidaire
adjective7188.34%genocidal, genocidally
other450.52%génocidaires, genociders
Source

17_frames.py → frames/frames.json

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The words that sit near a term

Which words appear near this term far more often than chance would put them there?

Computed from the record
8,611 occurrences, 84,733 words in window
View the leading collocates as a table
WordNearG²Log ratiologDiceSpeeches / meetingsSpread (DP)
humanity1,2089,986+7.5111.181,087 / 5100.78
crimes2,82319,987+6.6011.061,631 / 6710.67
cleansing4013,678+8.2410.29364 / 2330.92
srebrenica3002,818+8.429.96218 / 1020.91
rwanda6193,676+5.739.85445 / 2450.79
ethnic4392,618+5.759.65396 / 2560.90
punishment2591,901+6.809.54240 / 1580.89
tutsi1942,284+10.709.48127 / 930.91
rwandan2101,681+7.319.39174 / 1050.91
crime5102,521+4.989.29422 / 2860.83
war1,3495,881+4.549.241,193 / 5730.75
denial1871,206+6.129.03137 / 560.92
prevention3241,199+4.038.44273 / 1470.90
adviser115696+5.828.43105 / 690.96
perpetrated142667+4.808.34137 / 1260.95
atrocities150662+4.588.30140 / 1140.94
responsible274955+3.878.26209 / 1450.93
committed4331,377+3.638.23366 / 2700.85
twentieth88550+5.978.1478 / 390.96
perpetrators160588+4.028.07143 / 1080.92
anniversary118497+4.438.04106 / 600.95
acts329972+3.458.01294 / 2420.89
ideology79458+5.637.9562 / 550.96
committing81411+5.087.8878 / 730.97
prosecution86403+4.787.8676 / 580.97
mass129419+3.687.74119 / 980.95
criminals72353+4.957.7267 / 410.97
victims205545+3.217.67172 / 1090.90
glorification54462+7.747.6351 / 260.98
commit88320+3.997.6180 / 760.97
Source

05_lexical.py → lexical/collocates.json

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The profile of a term

Which words mark this term's neighbourhood, and does the profile hold for one speaker or one decade?

Computed from the record
nothing is drawn for a set of fewer than 20 speeches
0+1.00+2.00+3.00+4.00+5.00+6.00+7.00+8.00+9.00+10.00log ratiospreadhumanity: 1,635 near genocide, log ratio +7.38, logDice 11.62, 1,435 speeches / 576 meetings, DP 0.72humanitycrimes: 3,642 near genocide, log ratio +6.34, logDice 11.43, 1,734 speeches / 707 meetings, DP 0.66crimescleansing: 457 near genocide, log ratio +7.82, logDice 10.48, 411 speeches / 252 meetings, DP 0.90cleansingrwanda: 843 near genocide, log ratio +5.55, logDice 10.30, 549 speeches / 286 meetings, DP 0.76rwandasrebrenica: 326 near genocide, log ratio +7.92, logDice 10.08, 233 speeches / 106 meetings, DP 0.91srebrenicaethnic: 515 near genocide, log ratio +5.34, logDice 9.88, 459 speeches / 284 meetings, DP 0.88ethnicwar: 1,839 near genocide, log ratio +4.34, logDice 9.68, 1,584 speeches / 683 meetings, DP 0.68warpunishment: 266 near genocide, log ratio +6.18, logDice 9.58, 245 speeches / 162 meetings, DP 0.89punishmentrwandan: 237 near genocide, log ratio +6.85, logDice 9.56, 191 speeches / 112 meetings, DP 0.90rwandantutsi: 204 near genocide, log ratio +10.24, logDice 9.55, 129 speeches / 94 meetings, DP 0.91tutsicrime: 566 near genocide, log ratio +4.48, logDice 9.44, 448 speeches / 298 meetings, DP 0.82crimeprevention: 574 near genocide, log ratio +4.22, logDice 9.27, 476 speeches / 270 meetings, DP 0.82preventionadviser: 203 near genocide, log ratio +6.03, logDice 9.25, 171 speeches / 89 meetings, DP 0.95adviserdenial: 208 near genocide, log ratio +5.62, logDice 9.18, 148 speeches / 62 meetings, DP 0.92denialcriminals: 129 near genocide, log ratio +5.17, logDice 8.56, 118 speeches / 58 meetings, DP 0.96criminalsatrocities: 179 near genocide, log ratio +4.18, logDice 8.56, 165 speeches / 132 meetings, DP 0.93atrocitiesperpetrated: 163 near genocide, log ratio +4.34, logDice 8.54, 158 speeches / 143 meetings, DP 0.94perpetratedcommitted: 528 near genocide, log ratio +3.26, logDice 8.52, 445 speeches / 306 meetings, DP 0.82committedresponsible: 326 near genocide, log ratio +3.46, logDice 8.51, 258 speeches / 179 meetings, DP 0.91responsibleperpetrators: 215 near genocide, log ratio +3.79, logDice 8.49, 196 speeches / 139 meetings, DP 0.91perpetratorsglorification: 87 near genocide, log ratio +7.96, logDice 8.32, 81 speeches / 32 meetings, DP 0.97glorificationtwentieth: 96 near genocide, log ratio +5.45, logDice 8.26, 85 speeches / 44 meetings, DP 0.95twentiethprosecution: 111 near genocide, log ratio +4.50, logDice 8.23, 99 speeches / 72 meetings, DP 0.96prosecutionacts: 371 near genocide, log ratio +2.96, logDice 8.18, 324 speeches / 266 meetings, DP 0.89actscommitting: 98 near genocide, log ratio +4.70, logDice 8.15, 93 speeches / 88 meetings, DP 0.97committinganniversary: 126 near genocide, log ratio +3.86, logDice 8.13, 114 speeches / 66 meetings, DP 0.94anniversaryideology: 84 near genocide, log ratio +5.06, logDice 8.04, 66 speeches / 58 meetings, DP 0.95ideologyvictims: 262 near genocide, log ratio +2.91, logDice 8.02, 213 speeches / 132 meetings, DP 0.88victimsviolations: 326 near genocide, log ratio +2.76, logDice 7.98, 255 speeches / 181 meetings, DP 0.93violationsmass: 152 near genocide, log ratio +3.26, logDice 7.98, 136 speeches / 113 meetings, DP 0.95massprotect: 231 near genocide, log ratio +2.86, logDice 7.94, 220 speeches / 120 meetings, DP 0.94protectimpunity: 177 near genocide, log ratio +3.00, logDice 7.91, 172 speeches / 131 meetings, DP 0.95impunitycommit: 104 near genocide, log ratio +3.57, logDice 7.85, 95 speeches / 85 meetings, DP 0.96commitcommemoration: 63 near genocide, log ratio +6.73, logDice 7.83, 55 speeches / 31 meetings, DP 0.96commemorationfdlr: 63 near genocide, log ratio +5.80, logDice 7.77, 30 speeches / 26 meetings, DP 0.98fdlrprosecute: 70 near genocide, log ratio +4.72, logDice 7.77, 69 speeches / 61 meetings, DP 0.97prosecutesurvivors: 82 near genocide, log ratio +3.93, logDice 7.76, 68 speeches / 60 meetings, DP 0.95survivorsconvicted: 63 near genocide, log ratio +5.42, logDice 7.74, 58 speeches / 39 meetings, DP 0.97convictedpopulations: 117 near genocide, log ratio +3.10, logDice 7.72, 113 speeches / 66 meetings, DP 0.97populationsfugitives: 66 near genocide, log ratio +4.67, logDice 7.69, 46 speeches / 34 meetings, DP 0.96fugitives

40 words drawn, out of 100 held for the whole corpus: 0 fall below the minimum frequency and 60 beyond the number asked for. The table holds the same words, in the same order.

View the same words as a table
WordNearG²Log ratiologDiceSpeeches / meetingsSpread (DP)
humanity1,63513,109+7.3811.621,435 / 5760.72
crimes3,64224,423+6.3411.431,734 / 7070.66
cleansing4573,912+7.8210.48411 / 2520.90
rwanda8434,777+5.5510.30549 / 2860.76
srebrenica3262,828+7.9210.08233 / 1060.91
ethnic5152,776+5.349.88459 / 2840.88
war1,8397,517+4.349.681,584 / 6830.68
punishment2661,727+6.189.58245 / 1620.89
rwandan2371,744+6.859.56191 / 1120.90
tutsi2042,247+10.249.55129 / 940.91
crime5662,416+4.489.44448 / 2980.82
prevention5742,255+4.229.27476 / 2700.82
adviser2031,280+6.039.25171 / 890.95
denial2081,200+5.629.18148 / 620.92
criminals129667+5.178.56118 / 580.96
atrocities179696+4.188.56165 / 1320.93
perpetrated163667+4.348.54158 / 1430.94
committed5281,433+3.268.52445 / 3060.82
responsible326967+3.468.51258 / 1790.91
perpetrators215727+3.798.49196 / 1390.91
glorification87759+7.968.3281 / 320.97
twentieth96531+5.458.2685 / 440.95
prosecution111478+4.508.2399 / 720.96
acts371874+2.968.18324 / 2660.89
committing98447+4.708.1593 / 880.97
anniversary126438+3.868.13114 / 660.94
ideology84422+5.068.0466 / 580.95
victims262600+2.918.02213 / 1320.88
violations326689+2.767.98255 / 1810.93
mass152413+3.267.98136 / 1130.95
protect231514+2.867.94220 / 1200.94
impunity177424+3.007.91172 / 1310.95
commit104323+3.577.8595 / 850.96
commemoration63454+6.737.8355 / 310.96
fdlr63378+5.807.7730 / 260.98
prosecute70321+4.727.7769 / 610.97
survivors82292+3.937.7668 / 600.95
convicted63346+5.427.7458 / 390.97
populations117295+3.107.72113 / 660.97
fugitives66298+4.677.6946 / 340.96
Source

05_lexical.py → lexical/collocates.json

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The same word in two mouths

Do different speakers, groups or decades use it to do different work?

Computed from the record
Align
nothing is drawn for a set of fewer than 20 speeches

Rwanda 217 speeches · 1,096 occurrences

  1. tutsi +12.19
  2. fdlr +8.59
  3. rwanda +7.07
  4. convicts +10.59
  5. ideology +7.30
  6. démocratiques +8.25
  7. post-genocide +14.22
  8. tutsis +10.40
  9. libération +7.83
  10. fugitives +7.09
  11. masterminds +10.66
  12. suspects +7.09
  13. rwandan +6.92
  14. rwanda's +7.73
  15. denial +6.48
  16. ex-far +9.68
  17. interahamwe +8.62
  18. twentieth +6.57

United States 190 speeches · 353 occurrences

  1. srebrenica +9.02
  2. rwandan +8.35
  3. financier +12.38
  4. kabuga +8.49
  5. yazidis +9.01
  6. félicien +8.92
  7. humanity +7.01
  8. crimes +6.10
  9. cleansing +6.02
  10. accused +5.89
  11. charged +5.95
  12. adviser +5.87
  13. atrocities +5.54
  14. denial +5.62
  15. rwanda +5.49
  16. guilty +5.48
  17. militia +5.30
  18. categorically +5.28
View both profiles as a table
ProfileWordNearG²Log ratiologDiceSpeeches / meetingsSpread (DP)
Rwandatutsi1462,078+12.1911.7281 / 790.54
Rwandafdlr54531+8.599.8324 / 230.86
Rwandarwanda3122,432+7.079.47147 / 1430.30
Rwandaconvicts25311+10.599.4010 / 100.87
Rwandaideology50406+7.309.1338 / 380.72
Rwandadémocratiques26244+8.259.0626 / 260.89
Rwandapost-genocide17270+14.228.9616 / 160.89
Rwandatutsis18219+10.408.9514 / 140.89
Rwandalibération27238+7.838.9527 / 270.87
Rwandafugitives44344+7.098.9326 / 260.74
Rwandamasterminds17213+10.668.8915 / 150.83
Rwandasuspects32250+7.098.7422 / 220.80
Rwandarwandan35266+6.928.7028 / 280.76
Rwandarwanda's19165+7.738.5916 / 160.88
Rwandadenial49343+6.488.5724 / 240.74
Rwandaex-far14158+9.688.578 / 70.95
Rwandainterahamwe15148+8.628.5410 / 100.95
Rwandatwentieth27192+6.578.3521 / 210.83
United Statessrebrenica37388+9.029.5622 / 210.75
United Statesrwandan31296+8.358.9822 / 210.73
United Statesfinancier574+12.388.785 / 50.98
United Stateskabuga878+8.498.478 / 80.94
United Statesyazidis663+9.018.466 / 60.98
United Statesfélicien662+8.928.436 / 60.95
United Stateshumanity63486+7.017.8858 / 580.70
United Statescrimes139901+6.107.0270 / 700.65
United Statescleansing745+6.026.707 / 70.95
United Statesaccused1380+5.896.6911 / 110.90
United Statescharged744+5.956.657 / 70.95
United Statesadviser849+5.876.607 / 70.94
United Statesatrocities19109+5.546.4119 / 190.84
United Statesdenial953+5.626.418 / 70.86
United Statesrwanda35198+5.496.3925 / 240.76
United Statesguilty528+5.486.175 / 50.96
United Statesmilitia527+5.306.025 / 50.91
United Statescategorically527+5.286.015 / 50.99
Source

05_lexical.py → lexical/collocates_sliced.json

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Compared with a like-for-like speech

Which words are more frequent in speeches mentioning genocide than in the selected comparison set?

Computed from the record
4,364 of 4,576 speeches found a partner (95.37%)
#WordIn these speechesG²ConservativeLog ratioSpeeches / meetingsSpread (DP)
1genocide†7,0556,686+8.31+13.064,071 / 1,5750.37
2genocidal†681645+4.92+9.69492 / 3980.87
3sikhs152134+2.42+6.5311 / 110.98
4punjab304209+2.25+3.9413 / 130.97
5sikh121105+2.08+6.208 / 80.98
6tutsi237156+1.94+3.71141 / 1030.97
7ex-far8278+1.76+6.6421 / 170.99
8hindu147105+1.74+4.1624 / 220.96
9hindus147105+1.74+4.1622 / 220.96
10pakistan2,8431,005+1.69+2.03198 / 1650.91
11genocides†7571+1.62+6.5168 / 560.99
12interahamwe14498+1.60+3.8658 / 470.98
13humanity2,564833+1.56+1.911,883 / 8090.63
14jammu537229+1.52+2.3747 / 410.95
15kashmir1,605511+1.44+1.8861 / 500.94
16india2,645776+1.43+1.76136 / 1170.92
17muslims736248+1.31+1.96175 / 1260.93
18azad12779+1.30+3.4618 / 180.96
19cleansing826258+1.25+1.85586 / 3390.87
20vietnamese288122+1.23+2.3621 / 200.99
21crimes9,5201,931+1.21+1.362,655 / 1,0600.55
22karachi7960+1.20+4.5819 / 190.96
23srinagar5754+1.19+6.1113 / 130.97
24india's19090+1.15+2.6039 / 350.95
25rwanda5,1611,037+1.14+1.361,109 / 4520.80
26indian747216+1.14+1.7574 / 660.93
27atrocity458153+1.13+1.95288 / 1900.94
28kampuchea411141+1.12+1.9824 / 220.99
29srebrenica583162+1.02+1.70301 / 1500.93
30yazidi15975+1.02+2.5976 / 370.99
Source

05_lexical.py → lexical/keyness.json

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Which terms travel together

Does this vocabulary hold together in groups, or is it just a list?

Computed from the record
a pair is shaded where at least 20 speeches use both terms
genocidegenocideatrocityatrocitywar crimeswar crimescrimes against humanitycrimes against humanityethnic cleansingethnic cleansingmass atrocitymass atrocityexterminationexterminationaggressionaggressiongenocide conventiongenocide conventionintent to destroyintent to destroyearly warningearly warningresponsibility to protectresponsibility to protectprevention of genocideprevention of genocideincitementincitementnever againnever againholocaustholocaustcommemorationcommemorationsurvivorssurvivorsdenialdenialglorificationglorificationgenocidal ideologygenocidal ideologyethnic violenceethnic violenceimpunityimpunityicciccicjicjtribunalstribunalsmassacremassacremass killingmass killinggenocide: 4,576 speechesgenocide & atrocity: nPMI 0.44, 1,251 speeches use bothgenocide & war crimes: nPMI 0.56, 1,788 speeches use bothgenocide & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.61, 1,727 speeches use bothgenocide & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.52, 635 speeches use bothgenocide & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.45, 306 speeches use bothgenocide & extermination: nPMI 0.39, 216 speeches use bothgenocide & aggression: nPMI 0.32, 89 speeches use bothgenocide & genocide convention: not drawn (nested)xgenocide & intent to destroy: not drawn (`intent_to_destroy` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xgenocide & early warning: nPMI 0.19, 174 speeches use bothgenocide & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.37, 353 speeches use bothgenocide & prevention of genocide: not drawn (nested)xgenocide & incitement: not drawn (`incitement` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xgenocide & never again: nPMI 0.32, 111 speeches use bothgenocide & holocaust: nPMI 0.35, 125 speeches use bothgenocide & commemoration: not drawn (`commemoration` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xgenocide & survivors: not drawn (`survivors` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xgenocide & denial: not drawn (`denial` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xgenocide & glorification: not drawn (`glorification` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xgenocide & genocidal ideology: not drawn (nested)xgenocide & ethnic violence: not drawn (`ethnic_violence` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xgenocide & impunity: nPMI 0.38, 1,662 speeches use bothgenocide & icc: nPMI 0.38, 964 speeches use bothgenocide & icj: nPMI 0.29, 509 speeches use bothgenocide & tribunals: nPMI 0.47, 866 speeches use bothgenocide & massacre: nPMI 0.40, 698 speeches use bothgenocide & mass killing: nPMI 0.31, 72 speeches use bothatrocity & genocide: nPMI 0.44, 1,251 speeches use bothatrocity: 5,692 speechesatrocity & war crimes: nPMI 0.42, 1,331 speeches use bothatrocity & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.41, 1,057 speeches use bothatrocity & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.35, 371 speeches use bothatrocity & mass atrocity: not drawn (nested)xatrocity & extermination: nPMI 0.27, 133 speeches use bothatrocity & aggression: nPMI 0.26, 73 speeches use bothatrocity & genocide convention: nPMI 0.31, 90 speeches use bothatrocity & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothatrocity & early warning: nPMI 0.17, 185 speeches use bothatrocity & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.33, 358 speeches use bothatrocity & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.37, 111 speeches use bothatrocity & incitement: nPMI 0.27, 23 speeches use bothatrocity & never again: nPMI 0.27, 99 speeches use bothatrocity & holocaust: nPMI 0.27, 97 speeches use bothatrocity & commemoration: nPMI 0.34, 95 speeches use bothatrocity & survivors: nPMI 0.25, 23 speeches use bothatrocity & denial: nPMI 0.30, 77 speeches use bothatrocity & glorification: nPMI 0.26, 32 speeches use bothatrocity & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothatrocity & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothatrocity & impunity: nPMI 0.38, 1,984 speeches use bothatrocity & icc: nPMI 0.41, 1,238 speeches use bothatrocity & icj: nPMI 0.20, 392 speeches use bothatrocity & tribunals: nPMI 0.30, 523 speeches use bothatrocity & massacre: nPMI 0.36, 696 speeches use bothatrocity & mass killing: nPMI 0.35, 108 speeches use bothwar crimes & genocide: nPMI 0.56, 1,788 speeches use bothwar crimes & atrocity: nPMI 0.42, 1,331 speeches use bothwar crimes: 5,310 speecheswar crimes & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.74, 2,656 speeches use bothwar crimes & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.42, 482 speeches use bothwar crimes & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.36, 229 speeches use bothwar crimes & extermination: nPMI 0.19, 80 speeches use bothwar crimes & aggression: nPMI 0.40, 150 speeches use bothwar crimes & genocide convention: nPMI 0.33, 92 speeches use bothwar crimes & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothwar crimes & early warning: nPMI 0.12, 126 speeches use bothwar crimes & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.34, 348 speeches use bothwar crimes & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.30, 71 speeches use bothwar crimes & incitement: nPMI 0.30, 27 speeches use bothwar crimes & never again: nPMI 0.23, 74 speeches use bothwar crimes & holocaust: nPMI 0.21, 62 speeches use bothwar crimes & commemoration: nPMI 0.31, 76 speeches use bothwar crimes & survivors: nPMI 0.27, 25 speeches use bothwar crimes & denial: nPMI 0.34, 91 speeches use bothwar crimes & glorification: nPMI 0.32, 46 speeches use bothwar crimes & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothwar crimes & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothwar crimes & impunity: nPMI 0.45, 2,288 speeches use bothwar crimes & icc: nPMI 0.52, 1,696 speeches use bothwar crimes & icj: nPMI 0.23, 431 speeches use bothwar crimes & tribunals: nPMI 0.44, 862 speeches use bothwar crimes & massacre: nPMI 0.25, 404 speeches use bothwar crimes & mass killing: nPMI 0.28, 67 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & genocide: nPMI 0.61, 1,727 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & atrocity: nPMI 0.41, 1,057 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & war crimes: nPMI 0.74, 2,656 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity: 4,008 speechescrimes against humanity & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.43, 414 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.40, 229 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & extermination: nPMI 0.23, 81 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & aggression: nPMI 0.38, 110 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & genocide convention: nPMI 0.35, 84 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & early warning: nPMI 0.16, 124 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.38, 342 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.33, 69 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & incitement: nPMI 0.34, 28 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & never again: nPMI 0.24, 62 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & holocaust: nPMI 0.22, 52 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & commemoration: nPMI 0.33, 67 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & survivors: nPMI 0.30, 26 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & denial: nPMI 0.28, 53 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & glorification: nPMI 0.24, 21 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & impunity: nPMI 0.45, 1,903 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & icc: nPMI 0.53, 1,473 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & icj: nPMI 0.21, 299 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & tribunals: nPMI 0.39, 577 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & massacre: nPMI 0.27, 371 speeches use bothcrimes against humanity & mass killing: nPMI 0.28, 55 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & genocide: nPMI 0.52, 635 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & atrocity: nPMI 0.35, 371 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & war crimes: nPMI 0.42, 482 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.43, 414 speeches use bothethnic cleansing: 1,360 speechesethnic cleansing & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.29, 54 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & extermination: nPMI 0.32, 58 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & genocide convention: nPMI 0.32, 31 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & early warning: nPMI 0.14, 42 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.39, 168 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.33, 31 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & never again: nPMI 0.26, 31 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & holocaust: nPMI 0.25, 28 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & commemoration: nPMI 0.31, 26 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & impunity: nPMI 0.25, 392 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & icc: nPMI 0.22, 180 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & icj: nPMI 0.22, 129 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & tribunals: nPMI 0.32, 190 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & massacre: nPMI 0.32, 204 speeches use bothethnic cleansing & mass killing: nPMI 0.33, 33 speeches use bothmass atrocity & genocide: nPMI 0.45, 306 speeches use bothmass atrocity & atrocity: not drawn (nested)xmass atrocity & war crimes: nPMI 0.36, 229 speeches use bothmass atrocity & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.40, 229 speeches use bothmass atrocity & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.29, 54 speeches use bothmass atrocity: 710 speechesmass atrocity & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & aggression: nPMI 0.32, 21 speeches use bothmass atrocity & genocide convention: nPMI 0.33, 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & early warning: nPMI 0.28, 64 speeches use bothmass atrocity & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.46, 144 speeches use bothmass atrocity & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.53, 63 speeches use bothmass atrocity & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & never again: nPMI 0.32, 27 speeches use bothmass atrocity & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & commemoration: nPMI 0.43, 35 speeches use bothmass atrocity & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass atrocity & impunity: nPMI 0.30, 296 speeches use bothmass atrocity & icc: nPMI 0.39, 252 speeches use bothmass atrocity & icj: nPMI 0.23, 82 speeches use bothmass atrocity & tribunals: nPMI 0.28, 93 speeches use bothmass atrocity & massacre: nPMI 0.16, 44 speeches use bothmass atrocity & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & genocide: nPMI 0.39, 216 speeches use bothextermination & atrocity: nPMI 0.27, 133 speeches use bothextermination & war crimes: nPMI 0.19, 80 speeches use bothextermination & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.23, 81 speeches use bothextermination & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.32, 58 speeches use bothextermination & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination: 614 speechesextermination & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & holocaust: nPMI 0.38, 34 speeches use bothextermination & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothextermination & impunity: nPMI 0.13, 100 speeches use bothextermination & icc: nPMI 0.05, 27 speeches use bothextermination & icj: nPMI 0.13, 38 speeches use bothextermination & tribunals: nPMI 0.14, 32 speeches use bothextermination & massacre: nPMI 0.43, 194 speeches use bothextermination & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & genocide: nPMI 0.32, 89 speeches use bothaggression & atrocity: nPMI 0.26, 73 speeches use bothaggression & war crimes: nPMI 0.40, 150 speeches use bothaggression & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.38, 110 speeches use bothaggression & ethnic cleansing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.32, 21 speeches use bothaggression & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression: 307 speechesaggression & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & impunity: nPMI 0.24, 110 speeches use bothaggression & icc: nPMI 0.41, 155 speeches use bothaggression & icj: nPMI 0.28, 59 speeches use bothaggression & tribunals: nPMI 0.26, 41 speeches use bothaggression & massacre: fewer than 20 speeches use bothaggression & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & genocide: not drawn (nested)xgenocide convention & atrocity: nPMI 0.31, 90 speeches use bothgenocide convention & war crimes: nPMI 0.33, 92 speeches use bothgenocide convention & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.35, 84 speeches use bothgenocide convention & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.32, 31 speeches use bothgenocide convention & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.33, 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention: 264 speechesgenocide convention & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & commemoration: nPMI 0.54, 34 speeches use bothgenocide convention & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocide convention & impunity: nPMI 0.23, 90 speeches use bothgenocide convention & icc: nPMI 0.30, 75 speeches use bothgenocide convention & icj: nPMI 0.44, 126 speeches use bothgenocide convention & tribunals: nPMI 0.32, 55 speeches use bothgenocide convention & massacre: nPMI 0.24, 35 speeches use bothgenocide convention & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & genocide: not drawn (`intent_to_destroy` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xintent to destroy & atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & war crimes: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & crimes against humanity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & ethnic cleansing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy: 20 speechesintent to destroy & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & impunity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & icc: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & icj: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & tribunals: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & massacre: fewer than 20 speeches use bothintent to destroy & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & genocide: nPMI 0.19, 174 speeches use bothearly warning & atrocity: nPMI 0.17, 185 speeches use bothearly warning & war crimes: nPMI 0.12, 126 speeches use bothearly warning & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.16, 124 speeches use bothearly warning & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.14, 42 speeches use bothearly warning & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.28, 64 speeches use bothearly warning & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning: 1,792 speechesearly warning & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.31, 130 speeches use bothearly warning & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.37, 48 speeches use bothearly warning & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & commemoration: nPMI 0.25, 21 speeches use bothearly warning & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothearly warning & impunity: nPMI 0.16, 308 speeches use bothearly warning & icc: nPMI 0.22, 216 speeches use bothearly warning & icj: nPMI 0.07, 64 speeches use bothearly warning & tribunals: nPMI 0.08, 52 speeches use bothearly warning & massacre: nPMI -0.00, 29 speeches use both-early warning & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & genocide: nPMI 0.37, 353 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & atrocity: nPMI 0.33, 358 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & war crimes: nPMI 0.34, 348 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.38, 342 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.39, 168 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.46, 144 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & early warning: nPMI 0.31, 130 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect: 1,429 speechesresponsibility to protect & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.51, 88 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & never again: nPMI 0.20, 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & commemoration: nPMI 0.35, 36 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & impunity: nPMI 0.31, 528 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & icc: nPMI 0.37, 398 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & icj: nPMI 0.07, 50 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & tribunals: nPMI 0.14, 69 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & massacre: nPMI 0.15, 78 speeches use bothresponsibility to protect & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & genocide: not drawn (nested)xprevention of genocide & atrocity: nPMI 0.37, 111 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & war crimes: nPMI 0.30, 71 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.33, 69 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.33, 31 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.53, 63 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & early warning: nPMI 0.37, 48 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.51, 88 speeches use bothprevention of genocide: 234 speechesprevention of genocide & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & commemoration: nPMI 0.49, 24 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & impunity: nPMI 0.25, 96 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & icc: nPMI 0.32, 77 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & icj: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & tribunals: nPMI 0.27, 36 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & massacre: fewer than 20 speeches use bothprevention of genocide & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & genocide: not drawn (`incitement` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xincitement & atrocity: nPMI 0.27, 23 speeches use bothincitement & war crimes: nPMI 0.30, 27 speeches use bothincitement & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.34, 28 speeches use bothincitement & ethnic cleansing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement: 67 speechesincitement & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & impunity: nPMI 0.24, 33 speeches use bothincitement & icc: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & icj: nPMI 0.30, 20 speeches use bothincitement & tribunals: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & massacre: fewer than 20 speeches use bothincitement & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & genocide: nPMI 0.32, 111 speeches use bothnever again & atrocity: nPMI 0.27, 99 speeches use bothnever again & war crimes: nPMI 0.23, 74 speeches use bothnever again & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.24, 62 speeches use bothnever again & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.26, 31 speeches use bothnever again & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.32, 27 speeches use bothnever again & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.20, 20 speeches use bothnever again & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again: 424 speechesnever again & holocaust: nPMI 0.37, 25 speeches use bothnever again & commemoration: nPMI 0.42, 23 speeches use bothnever again & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothnever again & impunity: nPMI 0.18, 98 speeches use bothnever again & icc: nPMI 0.18, 53 speeches use bothnever again & icj: nPMI 0.13, 27 speeches use bothnever again & tribunals: nPMI 0.21, 39 speeches use bothnever again & massacre: nPMI 0.24, 51 speeches use bothnever again & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & genocide: nPMI 0.35, 125 speeches use bothholocaust & atrocity: nPMI 0.27, 97 speeches use bothholocaust & war crimes: nPMI 0.21, 62 speeches use bothholocaust & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.22, 52 speeches use bothholocaust & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.25, 28 speeches use bothholocaust & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & extermination: nPMI 0.38, 34 speeches use bothholocaust & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & never again: nPMI 0.37, 25 speeches use bothholocaust: 401 speechesholocaust & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & impunity: nPMI 0.11, 58 speeches use bothholocaust & icc: nPMI 0.10, 27 speeches use bothholocaust & icj: nPMI 0.19, 39 speeches use bothholocaust & tribunals: fewer than 20 speeches use bothholocaust & massacre: nPMI 0.41, 132 speeches use bothholocaust & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & genocide: not drawn (`commemoration` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xcommemoration & atrocity: nPMI 0.34, 95 speeches use bothcommemoration & war crimes: nPMI 0.31, 76 speeches use bothcommemoration & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.33, 67 speeches use bothcommemoration & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.31, 26 speeches use bothcommemoration & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.43, 35 speeches use bothcommemoration & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & genocide convention: nPMI 0.54, 34 speeches use bothcommemoration & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & early warning: nPMI 0.25, 21 speeches use bothcommemoration & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.35, 36 speeches use bothcommemoration & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.49, 24 speeches use bothcommemoration & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & never again: nPMI 0.42, 23 speeches use bothcommemoration & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration: 226 speechescommemoration & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & denial: nPMI 0.61, 47 speeches use bothcommemoration & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & impunity: nPMI 0.26, 97 speeches use bothcommemoration & icc: nPMI 0.23, 42 speeches use bothcommemoration & icj: nPMI 0.16, 20 speeches use bothcommemoration & tribunals: nPMI 0.47, 114 speeches use bothcommemoration & massacre: nPMI 0.25, 34 speeches use bothcommemoration & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & genocide: not drawn (`survivors` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xsurvivors & atrocity: nPMI 0.25, 23 speeches use bothsurvivors & war crimes: nPMI 0.27, 25 speeches use bothsurvivors & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.30, 26 speeches use bothsurvivors & ethnic cleansing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors: 81 speechessurvivors & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & impunity: nPMI 0.25, 41 speeches use bothsurvivors & icc: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & icj: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & tribunals: nPMI 0.44, 46 speeches use bothsurvivors & massacre: fewer than 20 speeches use bothsurvivors & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & genocide: not drawn (`denial` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xdenial & atrocity: nPMI 0.30, 77 speeches use bothdenial & war crimes: nPMI 0.34, 91 speeches use bothdenial & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.28, 53 speeches use bothdenial & ethnic cleansing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & commemoration: nPMI 0.61, 47 speeches use bothdenial & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial: 240 speechesdenial & glorification: nPMI 0.87, 100 speeches use bothdenial & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & impunity: nPMI 0.24, 89 speeches use bothdenial & icc: fewer than 20 speeches use bothdenial & icj: nPMI 0.21, 30 speeches use bothdenial & tribunals: nPMI 0.52, 148 speeches use bothdenial & massacre: nPMI 0.18, 20 speeches use bothdenial & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & genocide: not drawn (`glorification` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xglorification & atrocity: nPMI 0.26, 32 speeches use bothglorification & war crimes: nPMI 0.32, 46 speeches use bothglorification & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.24, 21 speeches use bothglorification & ethnic cleansing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & denial: nPMI 0.87, 100 speeches use bothglorification: 108 speechesglorification & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & impunity: nPMI 0.22, 42 speeches use bothglorification & icc: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & icj: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & tribunals: nPMI 0.46, 65 speeches use bothglorification & massacre: fewer than 20 speeches use bothglorification & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & genocide: not drawn (nested)xgenocidal ideology & atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & war crimes: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & crimes against humanity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & ethnic cleansing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology: 40 speechesgenocidal ideology & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & impunity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & icc: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & icj: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & tribunals: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & massacre: fewer than 20 speeches use bothgenocidal ideology & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & genocide: not drawn (`ethnic_violence` is anchored: it is counted only in a sentence that also matches `genocide`)xethnic violence & atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & war crimes: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & crimes against humanity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & ethnic cleansing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence: 16 speechesethnic violence & impunity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & icc: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & icj: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & tribunals: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & massacre: fewer than 20 speeches use bothethnic violence & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothimpunity & genocide: nPMI 0.38, 1,662 speeches use bothimpunity & atrocity: nPMI 0.38, 1,984 speeches use bothimpunity & war crimes: nPMI 0.45, 2,288 speeches use bothimpunity & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.45, 1,903 speeches use bothimpunity & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.25, 392 speeches use bothimpunity & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.30, 296 speeches use bothimpunity & extermination: nPMI 0.13, 100 speeches use bothimpunity & aggression: nPMI 0.24, 110 speeches use bothimpunity & genocide convention: nPMI 0.23, 90 speeches use bothimpunity & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothimpunity & early warning: nPMI 0.16, 308 speeches use bothimpunity & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.31, 528 speeches use bothimpunity & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.25, 96 speeches use bothimpunity & incitement: nPMI 0.24, 33 speeches use bothimpunity & never again: nPMI 0.18, 98 speeches use bothimpunity & holocaust: nPMI 0.11, 58 speeches use bothimpunity & commemoration: nPMI 0.26, 97 speeches use bothimpunity & survivors: nPMI 0.25, 41 speeches use bothimpunity & denial: nPMI 0.24, 89 speeches use bothimpunity & glorification: nPMI 0.22, 42 speeches use bothimpunity & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothimpunity & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothimpunity: 11,211 speechesimpunity & icc: nPMI 0.54, 2,925 speeches use bothimpunity & icj: nPMI 0.18, 618 speeches use bothimpunity & tribunals: nPMI 0.38, 1,155 speeches use bothimpunity & massacre: nPMI 0.20, 604 speeches use bothimpunity & mass killing: nPMI 0.21, 80 speeches use bothicc & genocide: nPMI 0.38, 964 speeches use bothicc & atrocity: nPMI 0.41, 1,238 speeches use bothicc & war crimes: nPMI 0.52, 1,696 speeches use bothicc & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.53, 1,473 speeches use bothicc & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.22, 180 speeches use bothicc & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.39, 252 speeches use bothicc & extermination: nPMI 0.05, 27 speeches use bothicc & aggression: nPMI 0.41, 155 speeches use bothicc & genocide convention: nPMI 0.30, 75 speeches use bothicc & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicc & early warning: nPMI 0.22, 216 speeches use bothicc & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.37, 398 speeches use bothicc & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.32, 77 speeches use bothicc & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicc & never again: nPMI 0.18, 53 speeches use bothicc & holocaust: nPMI 0.10, 27 speeches use bothicc & commemoration: nPMI 0.23, 42 speeches use bothicc & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicc & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicc & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicc & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicc & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicc & impunity: nPMI 0.54, 2,925 speeches use bothicc: 5,133 speechesicc & icj: nPMI 0.26, 483 speeches use bothicc & tribunals: nPMI 0.36, 608 speeches use bothicc & massacre: nPMI 0.11, 183 speeches use bothicc & mass killing: nPMI 0.18, 34 speeches use bothicj & genocide: nPMI 0.29, 509 speeches use bothicj & atrocity: nPMI 0.20, 392 speeches use bothicj & war crimes: nPMI 0.23, 431 speeches use bothicj & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.21, 299 speeches use bothicj & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.22, 129 speeches use bothicj & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.23, 82 speeches use bothicj & extermination: nPMI 0.13, 38 speeches use bothicj & aggression: nPMI 0.28, 59 speeches use bothicj & genocide convention: nPMI 0.44, 126 speeches use bothicj & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicj & early warning: nPMI 0.07, 64 speeches use bothicj & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.07, 50 speeches use bothicj & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicj & incitement: nPMI 0.30, 20 speeches use bothicj & never again: nPMI 0.13, 27 speeches use bothicj & holocaust: nPMI 0.19, 39 speeches use bothicj & commemoration: nPMI 0.16, 20 speeches use bothicj & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicj & denial: nPMI 0.21, 30 speeches use bothicj & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicj & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicj & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothicj & impunity: nPMI 0.18, 618 speeches use bothicj & icc: nPMI 0.26, 483 speeches use bothicj: 3,608 speechesicj & tribunals: nPMI 0.18, 194 speeches use bothicj & massacre: nPMI 0.17, 195 speeches use bothicj & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothtribunals & genocide: nPMI 0.47, 866 speeches use bothtribunals & atrocity: nPMI 0.30, 523 speeches use bothtribunals & war crimes: nPMI 0.44, 862 speeches use bothtribunals & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.39, 577 speeches use bothtribunals & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.32, 190 speeches use bothtribunals & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.28, 93 speeches use bothtribunals & extermination: nPMI 0.14, 32 speeches use bothtribunals & aggression: nPMI 0.26, 41 speeches use bothtribunals & genocide convention: nPMI 0.32, 55 speeches use bothtribunals & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothtribunals & early warning: nPMI 0.08, 52 speeches use bothtribunals & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.14, 69 speeches use bothtribunals & prevention of genocide: nPMI 0.27, 36 speeches use bothtribunals & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothtribunals & never again: nPMI 0.21, 39 speeches use bothtribunals & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothtribunals & commemoration: nPMI 0.47, 114 speeches use bothtribunals & survivors: nPMI 0.44, 46 speeches use bothtribunals & denial: nPMI 0.52, 148 speeches use bothtribunals & glorification: nPMI 0.46, 65 speeches use bothtribunals & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothtribunals & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothtribunals & impunity: nPMI 0.38, 1,155 speeches use bothtribunals & icc: nPMI 0.36, 608 speeches use bothtribunals & icj: nPMI 0.18, 194 speeches use bothtribunals: 2,816 speechestribunals & massacre: nPMI 0.15, 143 speeches use bothtribunals & mass killing: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmassacre & genocide: nPMI 0.40, 698 speeches use bothmassacre & atrocity: nPMI 0.36, 696 speeches use bothmassacre & war crimes: nPMI 0.25, 404 speeches use bothmassacre & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.27, 371 speeches use bothmassacre & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.32, 204 speeches use bothmassacre & mass atrocity: nPMI 0.16, 44 speeches use bothmassacre & extermination: nPMI 0.43, 194 speeches use bothmassacre & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmassacre & genocide convention: nPMI 0.24, 35 speeches use bothmassacre & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmassacre & early warning: nPMI -0.00, 29 speeches use both-massacre & responsibility to protect: nPMI 0.15, 78 speeches use bothmassacre & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmassacre & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmassacre & never again: nPMI 0.24, 51 speeches use bothmassacre & holocaust: nPMI 0.41, 132 speeches use bothmassacre & commemoration: nPMI 0.25, 34 speeches use bothmassacre & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmassacre & denial: nPMI 0.18, 20 speeches use bothmassacre & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmassacre & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmassacre & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmassacre & impunity: nPMI 0.20, 604 speeches use bothmassacre & icc: nPMI 0.11, 183 speeches use bothmassacre & icj: nPMI 0.17, 195 speeches use bothmassacre & tribunals: nPMI 0.15, 143 speeches use bothmassacre: 3,081 speechesmassacre & mass killing: nPMI 0.34, 65 speeches use bothmass killing & genocide: nPMI 0.31, 72 speeches use bothmass killing & atrocity: nPMI 0.35, 108 speeches use bothmass killing & war crimes: nPMI 0.28, 67 speeches use bothmass killing & crimes against humanity: nPMI 0.28, 55 speeches use bothmass killing & ethnic cleansing: nPMI 0.33, 33 speeches use bothmass killing & mass atrocity: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & extermination: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & aggression: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & genocide convention: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & intent to destroy: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & early warning: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & responsibility to protect: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & prevention of genocide: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & incitement: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & never again: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & holocaust: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & commemoration: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & survivors: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & denial: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & glorification: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & genocidal ideology: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & ethnic violence: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & impunity: nPMI 0.21, 80 speeches use bothmass killing & icc: nPMI 0.18, 34 speeches use bothmass killing & icj: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & tribunals: fewer than 20 speeches use bothmass killing & massacre: nPMI 0.34, 65 speeches use bothmass killing: 259 speeches01association (nPMI)fewer than 20 speeches use bothxpatterns overlap, not drawn-below chance
View the strongest term associations as a table
SourceTargetShared speechesnPMI
denialglorification1000.87
crimes against humanitywar crimes2,6560.74
commemorationdenial470.61
genocidecrimes against humanity1,7270.61
genocidewar crimes1,7880.56
genocide conventioncommemoration340.54
impunityicc2,9250.54
crimes against humanityicc1,4730.53
mass atrocityprevention of genocide630.53
war crimesicc1,6960.52
denialtribunals1480.52
genocideethnic cleansing6350.52
responsibility to protectprevention of genocide880.51
prevention of genocidecommemoration240.49
commemorationtribunals1140.47
genocidetribunals8660.47
glorificationtribunals650.46
mass atrocityresponsibility to protect1440.46
crimes against humanityimpunity1,9030.45
genocidemass atrocity3060.45
war crimesimpunity2,2880.45
war crimestribunals8620.44
genocide conventionicj1260.44
genocideatrocity1,2510.44
survivorstribunals460.44
ethnic cleansingcrimes against humanity4140.43
mass atrocitycommemoration350.43
exterminationmassacre1940.43
war crimesatrocity1,3310.42
ethnic cleansingwar crimes4820.42
Source

05_lexical.py → lexical/network.json

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The Concordance lets you inspect matching passages and open their full speeches. Its search covers the displayed context around each match, so a linked word elsewhere in a long speech may not appear in the results.

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